Heat in Changes of State

By Kevin Lesyna

Heat of Fusion
The heat of Fusion is the amount of energy required to melt or freeze/solidify said object. The heat of Fusion is different for each material. For water, this is 0C. While at the Heat of Fusion, the amount of energy in the material may change, but the temperature remains the same.

Heat of Condensation
The heat of Condensation is like the Heat of Fusion, but instead of being when the liquid freezes, the Heat of Condensation deals with the Liquid-Gas boundary. Like the Heat of Fusion; while the material is in the Heat of Condensation, the materials overall energy will change, but the temperature will not.

Waters Heat of Fusion and Condensation

Note that line A is where Water is a Solid, where Line A and Line B meet is the Heat of Fusion, Line C is where Water is a Liquid, D is the heat of Condensation, and where Line D and Line E meet is where Water is a Gas.

Iodine Melting
Although the Liquid Iodine and the Solid portion are still at the same temperature, the liquid portion has more Energy than the Solid. Chances are that localized areas of heat instead get directly Vaporized instead, due to the nature of Iodine.

Example Problem 1
How much energy does it take to turn 20g of some -10 C ice into 120 C Steam? Heat of fusion of water = 334 J/g Heat of vaporization of water = 2257 J/g Specific heat of ice = 2.09 J/g C Specific heat of water = 4.18 J/g C Specific heat of steam = 2.09 J/g C

Example Problem 1 Answer Part 1

DISCLAIMER: This method is My personal Solution, because it makes the most sense to me. You have -10 C as the temperature of the ice, and 20 g of it, so you have to figure out the initial energy of the ice. To do this, take the Heat of Fusion of Water (334 J/g) and subtract 10 times the specific heat of ice (2.09 J/g C), because the ice is 10 C lower than Freezing (0 C). You end up with 313.1 J. Remember that this is the amount of energy per gram, and we will change that later.

Example Problem 1 Answer Part 2

At the end of the last slide, we ended up with 313.1 J/g as the initial energy of the ice. Now, we must find out the ending temperature of the Steam- to do this we will do almost the same thing we did for the ice. We will take the Heat of Vaporization of Water (2257 J/g), and add 20 times the Specific heat of Steam (2.09 J/g C), because the Steam is 20 degrees above the Heat of Vaporization. You end up with 2277.9 J/g as the ending Energy. Now that we have calculated the original heat and the final heat, we will subtract the original heat from the final heat. (2298.8 J/g 313.1 J/g) We get 1985.7 J/g as the final answer.

Example Problem 1 Answer Part 2 EPISODE 1*

The Cake is a lie! That wasnt the final answer. What that gave us is the amount of energy for just ONE gram, while we actually have 20 grams! 1985.7 J/g needs to be multiplied by 20, giving us 39.714 kJ as our REAL final answer. Unless that candle on the cake also happens to be heating the water
*Name brought to you by Valve