Internal

ORA000001 CDMA Basic Communication Flow (NSS)

ISSUE 1.0
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Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

Understand the basic flows of CDMA. Understand the meaning of important parameters. Improve the problem analysis and fault locating capabilities according to the flows. Memorize the abbreviation of signaling messages..

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References

CSOFTX3000 Technical Manual-

Service Procedures

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Chapter 1 Brief Introduction of CDMA Flows Chapter 2 Procedures for Mobility Management Chapter 3 Procedures for Security Management

Chapter 4 Procedures for Basic Call Service and Short Message Service
Chapter 5 Procedures for Intelligent Network Services

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Brief introduction of CDMA flows

Basic CDMA flows

Registration flows Authentication flows Calling flows Handoff flows Supplementary service flows Short message flows

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Brief introduction of CDMA flows

The flows that the main services may involved in are as follows:

Mobile phone power on/off: location updating flows and authentication flows

Mobile phone calling: calling flows and authentication flows

(IN flows) Migration in the conversation: handoff flows and

authentication flows
Short message: short message flows and authentication flows Supplementary service: supplementary service flows and

authentication flows
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Chapter 1 Brief Introduction of CDMA Flows Chapter 2 Procedures for Mobility Management Chapter 3 Procedures for Security Management

Chapter 4 Procedures for Basic Call Service and Short Message Service
Chapter 5 Procedures for Intelligent Network Services

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Overview of Mobility Management

The network supports and manages mobility of a MS to:

Determine the current location of the MS. Optimize the connection between the MS and network. Roaming means that a MS changes the connection to a cell and to the network. According to different statuses of a MS, mobility management falls into location management and handoff management.

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Location Management
It is necessary to confirm the current location of an idle MS.

Location management helps the MS to be connected to the calling party promptly and helps the network keep tracing and store the current location information of a MS. Location management guarantees the consistency of the location information stored in the HLR, MSC/VLR, and MS. The HLR stores information on subscriber registration and location. The VLR stores the information loaded from the HLR, including the subscriber registration, location, and status. The MSC processes the flow of location registration and exchanges data with the VLR. The MS stores information on its location area.

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Location Registration
Location registration takes place in the following cases:

A MS is switched on.

BSS

MSC / VLR

HLR

IMSI, ESN, calling & called address ( SPC) Registration type,AUTHR ,

Location_ updating_ request REGNOT

IMSI, ESN, MSCid auth para required

regnot
IMS, MDN, calling feature Indicator trigger ,

Location_ updating _ accept

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Deregistration
Deregistration can be initiated by the MS or by the VLR:

Upon receipt of a MS power-off or inactivity indication, the MSC determines the MS needs deregistration. The MSC/VLR removes all records of the MS from the VLR and sends an MSINACT message to the HLR. The HLR returns an msinact message to confirm the deregistration.
MSC/VLR HLR

MSINACT

msinact

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Location Registration (NORMAL)

Location registration takes place in the following cases:

A MS moves beyond the paging coverage area of the previous location area.

MS

LA1
Location_Updating_Request

LA2

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Location Registration
Location registration takes place in the following cases:

A MS moves beyond the paging coverage area of the previous location area.

BSS

MSC/VLR N

HLR

MSC/ VLR O

Location_ updating _ request REGNOT REGCANC regcanc regnot Location updating_ accept _

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Location Registration
Location registration takes place in the following cases:

Besides, a MS timely initiates a periodic location registration.

BSS

MSC / VLR

Location _ updating _ request

Location _ updating _ accept

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Questions
Whether VLR need to send all the location registrations to

HLR ? And why?

What is the meaning of MSCID in the location registration

message, and what is the function ?

Why does the switch off message need to be registered ?

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Answers

Question 1: Not all the requests of location registrations are sent to HLR. If the subscribers data has already existed in VLR and the subscriber is activated, the registration is processed by VLR. Otherwise the registration requests are sent to HLR, and processed by HLR.

Question 2: MSCID is the identification of MSC mainly including SID (System Identification) and SWNO (Switch No.). It uniquely identifies one switch entity, and is used to determine whether the MS is roaming.
Question 3: Switch off registration are mainly used to inform HLR that the subscriber has already powered off. If other subscribers call it, system can send the access refuse directly to the calling party according to the subscribers status in HLR.

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HandOff flow on A interface in one BSC

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HandOff flow on A interface between BSCs

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Forward HandOff

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Backward HandOff

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HandOff to Third Party

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Questions
What is the difference between Forward HandOff and

Backward HandOff?
When does the third parties handoff happen? What is the main function of FACDIR

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Answers
Question 1: the Forward Handoff is that MS handoff from the serving MSC

to a new target MSC; and the Backward HandOff is that MS handoff from the serving MSC to the primary controlling MSC.
Question 2: Whether HandOff to Third Party happens depends on the

startup standard value of Third Party HandOff and handoff depth together, when the current handoff times, viz. the handoff depth equal to the startup standard value of Third Party Handoff, the MS will handoff to the third party.
Question 3: FACDIR is used to set up inter_office handoff circuits, which is

MAP circuit.

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Chapter 1 Brief Introduction of CDMA Flows Chapter 2 Procedures for Mobility Management Chapter 3 Procedures for Security Management

Chapter 4 Procedures for Basic Call Service and Short Message Service
Chapter 5 Procedures for Intelligent Network Services

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Basic Security Management Procedure

This chapter describes functions, principles, and message flows of security

management in the CSOFTX3000. :

Security management of the CSOFTX3000 includes the following:

Authentication Authentication protects the system resources from illegal users. Through authentication, the system verifies subscriber validity.
Authentication parameters:

A_Key

SSD

RAND/RANDU/RANDBS/RANDSSD RANDC COUNT AUTHR/AUTHU/AUTHBS AUTHDATA

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Authentication Principle

For the same algorithm and input on both mobile station (MS)

side and network side, the output results must match. The principle of CDMA authentication is to compare the output results by using a same algorithm on the two sides. If the outputs match, the authentication succeeds.

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Mobile Station Access Authentication Procedures

Procedure for authentication upon location registration.

BSS

MSC/VLR

HLR/AC

Location Updating Request AUTHREQ authreq

REGNOT regnot

Location Updating Accept

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Mobile Station Access Authentication Procedures

Procedure for authentication upon call origination.

BSS

MSC/VLR

HLR/AC

CM Service Request AUTHREQ authreq Assignment Request Assignment Complete

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Mobile Station Access Authentication Procedures

Procedure for authentication upon call termination.

BSS Paging Request Paging Response

MSC/VLR

HLR/AC

AUTHREQ authreq Assignment Request Assignment Complete

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Chapter 1 Brief Introduction of CDMA Flows Chapter 2 Procedures for Mobility Management Chapter 3 Procedures for Security Management

Chapter 4 Procedures for Basic Call Service and Short Message Service
Chapter 5 Procedures for Intelligent Network Services

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Basic Call Procedures

This section describes the procedures for the

following four types of calls: Intra-Office Calls Inter-Office Calls Calls from PLMN to PSTN Calls from PSTN to PLMN

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Intra-Office Call Procedures (TDM-BASED)

BSC - O 1. MSCe CM ServiceRequest 2. 3. Add Request Add Reply 4 . LOCREQ 5 . locreq 6 . Paging Request 7 . Paging esponse 8. Assignment Request 9. Assignment Complete 10 . Add Request 11 . Add Reply 12 . Assignment Request 13 . Assignment Complete 14. 15. Modify Request Modify Reply 16 . CONNECT MGW HLR BSC - T

17 . Modify Request 18 . Modify Reply Conversation

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Intra-Office Call Procedures (TDM-BASED)

BSC - O

MSCe

MGW Conversation 19 . 20. Subtract Request 21. SubtractReply 22. 23 . Clear Command Clear Complete Clear Request

HLR

BSC - T

24 . Clear Command 25. Subtract Request 26 . Clear Complete 27. Subtract Reply

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Inter-Office Call Procedures

BSC CM Service Request MSCe- O Add Request Add Reply LOCREQ Assignment Request Assignment Complete locreq Add Request Add Reply INVITE 100 Add Request Add Reply Add Request Add Reply Paging Request Paging Response ROUTREQ routreq MGW- O HLR MSCe- T MGW- T BSC

183 PRACK for 183 200 for PRACK

Modify Request Modify Reply Notify Request Notify Reply

180 PRACK for 180 200 for PRACK Notify Request Notify Reply Modify Request Modify Reply 200 for INVITE ACK for 200 Conversation Modify Request Modify Reply

Assignment Request Assignment Complete

CONNECT

Clear Request Subtract Request Subtract Reply Clear Command Clear Complete Subtract Request Subtract Reply

BYE 200 for BYE

Subtract Request Subtract Reply Clear Command Clear Complete Subtract Request Subtract Reply

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Calls from PLMN to PSTN

BSC CM Service Request Add Request Add Reply Assignment Request Assignment Complete Add Request Add Reply ACM ANM Conversation REL RLC Subtract Request Subtract Reply Subtract Request Subtract Reply IAM MSCe MGW PSTN

Clear Command Clear Complete

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Calls from PSTN to PLMN

PSTN IAM GMSC LOCREQ locreq IAM HLR ROUTREQ routreq Add Request Add Reply Paging Request Paging Response Add Request Add Reply Assignment Request Assignment Complete Modify Request Modify Reply CONNECT Modify Request Modify Reply Conversation Clear Request REL RLC REL RLC Subtract Request Subtract Reply Clear Command Clear Complete MSCe MGW BSC

ACM

ACM

ANM

ANM

Subtract Request Subtract Reply

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Questions
What is the difference between the local call and inter-office call? Please describe the flows triggered when the MS registered in

Beijing makes a call in Shenzhen.

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Answers
Question 1: There are two essential differences between Intra-office mobile

calling and Inter-office mobile calling: one is that whether the location request message carry the TLDN or not, local office assigns the TLDN in intra-office calling flows, the called office assigns the TLDN in inter-office calling flows; the other is that whether the signals route outgoing according as the TLDN.
Question 2: Location Register flow, Authentication flow, Calling flow

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Basic Short Message Procedures

The SMS procedures involve processing the following:

Mobile originated short message Mobile terminated short message Short message notification Short message broadcast

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Mobile Originated Short Messages

MS MSC / VLR MC HLR MSC / VLR MS

SMD - REQ

SMDPP

SMD - ACK

smdpp

SMSREQ smsreq

SMSREQ smsreq SMDPP

SMD REQ SMD ACK -

smdpp

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Mobile Terminated Short Messages

MS system access BSC MSC/ VLR Location Updating Request Location Updating Accept HLR MC SME

REGNOT regnot

SMDPP smdpp SMSREQ SMSREQ smsreq SMDPP SMD- REQ SMD- ACK smdpp smsreq

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Chapter 1 Brief Introduction of CDMA Flows Chapter 2 Procedures for Mobility Management Chapter 3 Procedures for Security Management

Chapter 4 Procedures for Basic Call Service and Short Message Service
Chapter 5 Procedures for Intelligent Network Services

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PPC Service Procedures in Target Network

The PPC service enables a subscriber to open an account and

activate voice services by paying beforehand or buying a rechargeable card of a certain value.
Before a call is connected, the system accepts or rejects the call

request according to the subscriber's account balance.

During the call, the system decreases the subscriber's account

balance for the charge real-time for voice services or other services .
When the account balance reaches a threshold, the system

disconnects the call and plays an announcement.

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Calls Originated from PPC Subscribers

MSCe CM Service Request MGW ORREQ orreq ANLYZD SEIZERES seizeres CONNRES Add Request Assignment Request Assignment Complete Add Reply INSTREQ SRFDIR Modify Request Modify Reply Modify Request Modify Reply srfdir instreq anlyzd OANSWER conversation MS disconnect ODISCONNECT odisconnect SCP

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Calls Terminated by PPC Subscribers

MSCe Call origination LOCREQ locreq ANLYZD anlyzd LOCREQ locreq ANLYZD anlyzd HLR SCP

MS answer TANSWER conversation MS disconnect TDISCONNECT tdisconnect

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Summary

Understand the basic flows of CDMA

Understand the meaning of important

parameters
Memorize the abbreviation of messages

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Thank You
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