UMTS Network Architecture

Module topics
Introduction to UMTS Release 99 architecture Radio Access Network User Equipment Core Network UMTS network management solutions

Review questions

Objectives 1(2)
After completing this module the student will be able to: Identify and list the network subsystems of Release 99 Identify and list the requirements of UMTS mobile terminals Briefly explain the network elements used in Release 4 List and identify the network elements used within the radio access network (RAN), in terms of the name and function

Briefly explain how base station sites are selected and describe the different cellular transmission solutions available

Objectives 2(2)
Identify the main functions of the Nokia RNC List and identify the network elements used within the core network in terms of the name and function within the context of Release 99 List and identify the need for comprehensive network management in UMTS. With the help of the material, identify the framework of the Nokia NetAct solution without using any references (if not otherwise stated).

Combined GSM/UMTS Rel. 99 PLMN

CN (Core Network) GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) circuit switched (cs) domain enhanced GSM core network network elements for service groups

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) new

common cs & ps network elements

packet switched (ps) domain

NMS (Network Management Subsystem)

UMTS Rel. 99 Core Network

CN (Core Network) GERAN circuit switched (cs) domain
MSC/VLR GMSC

PSTN/ ISDN

EIR

HLR

AC

UTRAN IPbackbone

common cs & ps network elements

corp. network
GGSN

SGSN

PDN WAP

packet switched (ps) domain BG

CG Billing Centre

Inter-PLMN Network

CS-Domain Network entities

Visitor Location Register (VLR)
- subscriber profile (temporary) - location information (e.g. LAI) - subscriber identifier (e.g. IMSI, TMSI)
Gateway Mobile services Switching Centre (GMSC)
Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC)

Exchange specific functions: - switching - signalling evaluation - operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation, statistics) Mobile communication specific functions - mobility management - mobile specific connection management - interaction with HLR and VLR - interaction with GERAN/UTRAN - transcoding (UMTS only)

Exchange specific functions: - switching - signalling evaluation - operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation, statistics)
Mobile communication specific functions - Interrogation of HLR

Common CS- & PS Domain Network Entities

Home Location Register (HLR)

semi-permanent subscriber profile location information

Authentication Centre (AuC)

generates subscriber related data for USIM VPLMN mutual authentication ciphering
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

verification of User Terminal/mobile equipment

PS-Domain Network entities

Charging Gateway Function (CGF) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

intermediate between SGSN/GGSN and billing centre

Network Access Control Packet Routing & Transfer

(relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)

(CDR collection, screening)

Mobility Management
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

Network Access Control

Border Gateway (BG)

Packet Routing & Transfer Mobility Management

(authentication, authorisation, admission control, CDR collection, operator determined barring) (relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)

For secure interPLMN connection

Network architecture of Rel 4

Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced services GERAN implementation Implementation of Rel4 starts already 2002-2003, but most of the implementations can be anticipated in live networks starting from approximately the year 2005.

Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

CSE
CAP D CAP C Nc

HLR

MSCServer
A GERAN UTRAN Iu Mc (H.248) CSMGW

GMSCServer
Mc (H.248)

A
Iu

Nb

CSMGW

PSTN, ISDN, PLMN, etc.

Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

Interrogation of HLR Network-network signalling Interaction with cs-MGW CDR generation CAP D MSCServer Nc CSE Call control (MOC, MTC) VLR functionality UE-network signalling Network-network signalling CAP Interaction with cs-MGW CDR generation GMSCServer Mc (H.248) Nb CSMGW Bearer control Bearer channel termination Media conversion Payload processing

HLR C

A
GERAN UTRAN Iu A Iu Mc (H.248) CSMGW

PSTN, ISDN, PLMN, etc.

UMTS Release 4: GERAN

CN (Core Network)

BSS

BSC
Iu-g

3G MSC/VLR

circuit switched (cs) domain

Um

BTS BTS

BSC

Uu

Iu-g

Node B Iub Node B RNC 2G SGSN 3G SGSN

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) packet switched (ps) domain

UMTS Release 5 IMS Overview (Roaming user example)

Home network
HSS

IMS
I-CSCF

S-CSCF
MRF Other IP/IMS network

RAN

SGSN

P-CSCF GGSN

Visited network

IMS

UMTS Rel. 99: UTRAN

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
Node B
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

CN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs) domain

Iub Uu UE Uu Node B Iub Node B Node B

RNC

Iu-CS

3G MSC/VLR

Iur

UE

RNC

Iu-PS

3G SGSN
packet switched (ps) domain

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

RNC Radio Network Controller UE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + Universal SIM (USIM)

Iur-Interface & Soft Handover

I can be connected to several cells Node B simultaneously
Iub Node B Iur Uu Node B Iub Node B RNC Iu-PS 3G SGSN
packet switched (ps) domain

UTRAN
(RNS)

CN (Core Network) circuit switched (cs) domain

RNC

Iu-CS

3G MSC/VLR

Uu

UE

Duplication of DL traffic, selection of UL traffic

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

RNC Radio Network Controller UE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)

Radio Network Controller Tasks & Functions

WCDMA radio resource management incl. Radio resource management of channel configurations, traffic and control channels, handovers, power control. Telecom functionality incl. Location & connection management, ciphering, Iu and Iub channel management, ATM switching and multiplexing Maintenance incl. Fault localisation and reconfiguration Operation incl. RNC and Node B parameter modification

Node B Tasks & Functions

Radio Channel functions. O&M Processing.
Interfacing with NMS and RNC for alarm and control (Operations and Maintenance) functions.
Logical to physical channel mappings. Encoding/Decoding Spreading/Despreading user traffic and signalling.

Uu Interface WCDMA

RNC
Iub Interface ATM

Cellular Transmission management

Managing ATM switching and multiplexing over the Iub interface. Control of AAL2/AAL5 connections. Control of the physical transmission interfaces E1, PDH, SDH or microwave.

Air Interface management.

Controlling Uplink and Downlink radio paths on the Uu Air Interface. Baseband to RF conversion. Antenna multicoupling.

WCDMA Cell Coverage

Factors affecting cell size include: Frequency band - 2000MHz much higher than GSM networks. Traffic types - WCDMA user data rates drop off as the user moves further away from the Node B User levels - Demand for mobile services will increase, leading to much greater user densities
Area type Dense Urban Speech 92 144 kb/s NRT 85 GSM1800 speech 85 Cell range 1 Urban Suburb Rural 93 85 85 1.6 95 85 85 2.3 95 85 85 5.2 % % % km

Voice and Slow Data Users

Fast Data Users

average projected coverage

WCDMA Cell Capacity

Capacity per cell per carrier Soft Capacity

800kbps L1 rate
50 Erlang
Voice traffic Data Traffic

More Voice Users

Output Power

Traffic Mix

More Data Users

"Safe area"

Once Output Power Level on Uplink passes the Safe Area limit, the WCDMA air interface becomes unstable. Load per carrier must be kept below this limit
50%

0%

Load per carrier

100%

HSDPA Release 5
AMC, adaptative modulation and coding 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation used in good radio link conditions

Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) as error detection mechanism provides efficient retransmissons
support for services requiring high data rates in downlink, e.g. Internet browsing and video on demand. High data rates up to 10Mbit/s

WLAN and UMTS

Enhance mobile data services Wireless LAN is being standardized by the IEEE 11 Mbit/s between a terminal and an access point. With more advanced modulation technology to give data rates up to 54 Mbit/s. Encryption of the air interface defined 2G SIM and 3G USIM cards can be used for authentication 3GPP Rel. 6 includes wireless LAN for use with cellular networks

WLAN use examples

Hotels
Business travelers make full use of their hotel stay by getting broadband access.

Airport lounges
Airports offer considerable potential traffic and have good publicity value.

Business parks and campus areas

Mobile broadband access made available to roaming users and those with no access to a corporate network or other networks.

Corporate buildings and meeting rooms

access in meeting rooms and other shared venues.

Exhibition and convention centres

access to the information needed for presentations

User Equipment

+
USIM User Terminal

User Equipment (UE)

Uu Node B

Mobile concepts - sample

Terminal evolution & wireless protocols

dual mode requirement

UE FDD power classes

WCDMA FDD Power Class

Maximum output power

Tolerance

Power class 1 Power class 2 Power class 3 Power class 4

33dBm (2W) 27dBm (0.5W) 24dBm (0.25W) 21dBm (0.125W )

+1dB/-3dB +1dB/-3dB +1dB/-3dB +/-2dB

Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to GSM because of continuous transmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum transmission power determines the cell radius.

GSM 900 Power class 1 Power class 2 Power class 3 Power class 4 Power class 5

Maximum output power 43dBm (20W) only used in GSM Phase 1 39dBm (8W) 37dBm (5W) 33dBm (2W) 29dBm (0.8W)

UMTS / Universal SIM

Own processor and memory

Two types of data:

Specified data Subscriber dependent Featuring: Two name fields per entry Multiple phone numbers per entry Support of e-mail address User definable groupings Call details USIM security

Nokia hardware platform

DX200

IPA2800

Nokia IP HP/SUN

Nokia's interface to the platform

BTS Tools NetAct

NEMU - Network Element Management Unit

Future NED

Nokia Online Services

Nokia Core network in Release 99

RAN A BSC

Mobility Core
HLR

2G MSC
PSTN MGW Gb

PSTN

Iu-CS RNC

2G SGSN 3G SGSN Packet core GGSNFirewall

Internet

PSTN

Iu-PS

CG

BG

DNS

Operator IP network

NMS

Mobile Switching Centre

MSCi architecture
BSS
ET TGFP VANG CDSU GSW ECET ET
X.25 or LAN to OMC and SMS

ECET CLS

PSTN EXT. SYNC.

PABX NSS

CCSU

MFSU

BSU

PAU MB

CASU

BDCU

CCMU

CMU

CM

VLRU
LAN

STU
LAN

CHU

OMU
LAN

VDU and LPT VDU and LPT

CMU Basic Terminal ECET Visitor Management Programmable TGFP Echo Switchunit CDSU PAU, Cancelling signalling CLS - -Tone Generator and Exchance CASU, Operation and Field Unit M GSW-Central Memory Maintenance ET- -ExchangeLocation Register BDCU- CellularDataMFSU, CCSUUnit CCMU--GroupBSU,Data Service Units Management CM-Marker- SystemCommunications Unit VLRU-ClockCharging/Statistical Unit UnitTerminal Unit Common CHU/STU OMU Compact Channel Generation/storage Switch adaptationscapability storage Centralisedtemporarynetwork ofmodem of external PCM line Cellular Same as synchronisation, cancelling pools, Generates switching CDRs/measurement rate Enables signalling, ofsubscriber Clock signals for synchronisation for Billing data Controls thesupervision, data, recovery. The actualunits with echo and the MSCi ElectricalCircuit supporting different types System Communication Switchedalarms,configuration Centre SignallingET,Group routing CDSU control of protocols Tariffing,ofmanagement functionsinformation(SS7) software Storage radio butlinks to O&M, SMSC,CCS7 data adaptation DTMF signals network and

IP Bypassing (optional topic)

Inter-MSC traffic routed through an IP-based data network instead of trunk lines. Main benefits: Cost savings when data connections are cheaper than PCM links. Synergies with operator's other activities, e.g. only one inter-city IP network. Enables integration and optimisation of IP network and PCM link based transmission. Integrated solution enables common operation and management with GSM network and the gateway. All applications, like mobile transmission and video data, can use the same network.

MGW for MSC

Main functions of MGW:

ATM/TDM conversion
Iu/A signalling conversion between narrowband and broadband CCS7
Transcoding
DX 200 MSC
MGW

ATM
RNC

TDM PCM
PSTN/ Transit network

STM-1 Iu-CS

Nokia 3G MSC

Block diagram of the MGW for 3G-MSC

NEMU (Control and Administrative network interface units, CACU (AAL2 Switching Units). Ensures Unit). Local user A2SU (Network Unit). Management efficient transport MXU (MultiplexerElementConnects the actual Unit). Controls TCU (TranscodingUnits). Performs Computer conversion of SFU (Operation and Maintenance storage, and signalling OMU(ATM Switching Fabric Units). Switches the calls allocation SPMU (Signal Processing Management System software, O&M ISU (Interface Signalling Unit). CN Unit).Unit). Control processed CM (Central Memory). Central dataemulationdistribution facility, interface, inter-face towards based on for network management. switchingdifferent signalspeech formats and theconnected to the information with limited processing units units main switch computer units units (SFU) higher level to from and vice between fabric& AMR transfer delay inputsPCM, Interface by the signalling functions, towards the MSC. signalling processors. of MGW for 3G-MSC's digital emulation etc. handling (e.g. digit ananlysis). CCS7 exchange. Someswitch functions. Signalling Units (ISUs). main fabric. versa. O&M fabric.

Nokia 3G MSC & MGW - Summary

MSCi: Media Gateway: Simultaneous support for UMTS (A') 5120 transcoding channels and 8 RNCs GSM (A) traffic IPA 2800 platform 600 000 BHCA Iu-CS interface 16 700 Erlangs 600 000 subscribers + 200 000 telemetric subscriber 100% IN/SCE traffic support
ATM
RNC

DX 200 MSC
MGW

TDM PCM
PSTN/ Transit network

STM-1

Iu-CS

Nokia 3G MSC

DX 200 HLRi
ET

MSC

CLS

GSW ET

HLR

EIRU

CCSU

CMM

BDCU

X.25 or LAN to OMC and SMS

MB
VDU and LPT VDU and LPT

ACU

EMU

HLRU

DBDU
LAN

STU

OMU

Nokia HLRi capacities

1 200 000 subscribers + 400 000 telemetric subscribers AuC capacity 2.4 million subscribers EIR with: 4 million entries in the black list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry) 4 million entries in the grey list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry) 200 000 entries in the white list (up to 1 000 000 IMEIs/entry)

Mobile Number Portability Solution (SRRi)

The Service Routing Register is to remove excess signalling and complex databases and routing, by managing the address of each subscriber. In some countries, the law states that subscribers must be able to keep their number if they change the operator.
MSISDN1 - rerouting info
1

MSISDN2- rerouting info . .

HLR

HLR

Other networks
Database

SRRi

SGSN

MSC

SRRi architecture
ET HLR ET MSC

CLS

GSW
X.25 or LAN to OMC and SMS

CCSU

CMM

BDCU

MESSAGE BUS SRRU DBDU STU OMU

LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN
VDU and LPT VDU and LPT

Packet switched core network overview

CG GSM BSS or 3G RAN
2G & 3G Charging Gateway

SGSN

Serving GPRS Support Node

Internet

BG
GPRS Backbone IP Network Inter-PLMN Network
Border Gateway Gateway GPRS Support Node Firewall GGSN

Corporate
Server
Router Intranet
Local Area NW

Domain Name Server

DNS

Legal Interception Gateway

3G-SGSN & GGSN

The 3G-SGSN & GGSN are built on the IP Platform (2G-SGSN uses the Nokia DX200 Platform).

Cooling fans

In UMTS some of the functionality needed in the 2G-SGSN is now included as functions in the RNC. The 3G-SGSN is a compact unit.

1193

Processor units on 2 trays

Cable guides

Power supplies

System structure of Nokia 3G-SGSN

Central Route Processor Unit O&M Routing

ATM STM-1 Iu ATM STM-1

Tunnelling Unit

Forwarding 100 BaseTx 1000 BaseT Unit

Gn

Internal maintenance bus

SMM Unit Mobility Management Session Management Signalling

E1/T1 SS7 Unit Gr, Gf, Gd E1/T1

Capacity
Max number of subscribers: 300 000 Throughput and number of connections: 900 Mbps and 200 000 PDP contexts OR 600 Mbps and 600 000 PDP contexts
(512 byte packet size)

Connection attempts: 600 PDP procedures per second

300 000 SMS messages per hour

Interfaces of 3G-SGSN
RNC 3G Core Network (VPLMN) NMS Ga CG Iu

Gn

3G Core Network (HPLMN)

Gp

Gr

3G SGSN
3G SGSN
Gf

HLR & AUC

EIR

Gd

SMSC

Other packet core network elements

GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) Nokia version based on IP650 or IP740 routers
Release 2, IP650: 150 000 PDP contexts 100 Mbps (1400 byte packets) Release 2, IP740: 1 million PDP contexts 400 Mbps (1400 byte packets) Both can interact with 2G-SGSN and 3G-SGSN Router to Inter-PLMN data network Access point name IP address of correct GGSN

BG (Border Gateway)

DNS (Domain Name Server) CG (Charging Gateway)

LIG (Legal/Lawful Interception Gateway)

Nokia FlexiFamily
High-availability carrier-grade server platform Linux based Nokia IP Multimedia Subsystem servers based on Nokia FlexiServer Nokia FlexiGateway a carrier-grade gateway platform and the future basis for network user-plane functions such as packet routing and processing Nokia FlexiGateway, with specially designed content-aware provisioning extensions, will gradually complete the implementation of the All-IP architecture

Nokia IP Multimedia Core Solution (simplified)

IP Multimedia core MSC/ MSS HLR

IMR

CPS

CG

MGW GERAN/ UTRAN SGSN GGSN MPC GGSN

BG
LIG SGSNDNS

Traffic on PoC Network

Consumers
Radio interface management

WEB based Management

BSC PCU units

GPRS
Communication Parameters (timers)
BTS

Provisioning Self provisioning

HTTP human interface Provisioning Network Management Customer Care and Billing CDR parameters
SUN

PoC Register
Access Control & Enterprise Connectivity

Radio access layer architecture

Enterprise s
SGSN PAPU units GGSN With PoC APN

Service management

LDAP parameter management

PoC Call Processors

Sub System Server Parameters

GPRS backbone network

System Parameters

Packet Core management

IP layer Green elements required for PoC

Operator Data Center

Nokia ICD System Release 1, ED 1

NetAct 3.1 ED2 CD 9/03

OS S

IC D
CG 4.0 OSC 1.0 NSM 1.0

Prepaid System

BSS

CCBS

ISN 1.1

CA 1.1
Content functions

Service access

Content providers

GGSN 4.0

TA 1.2

Gn
GGSN functions Traffic Analyser

Gi

Single Click Access

Single APN configured in terminal
Service Provider WAP Service Operator WAP Service Operator Email Service Operator MMS Service

Access settings screen

Nokia ICD System

Single PDP Context

Service switching

Nokia ISN
GGSN

PDP Context

AP
ap1.operator.com

Charging options in the Nokia ICD System

Volume-based charging Transferred data volume Per service, not limited to PDP Context Bytes of transferred data Event-based charging Event (transaction/hit to a specific WAP/HTTP URL) A request/response pair Number of events Time-based charging Distinguish active/inactive usage time) Subscription (free access during subscription period Seconds of data transfer Subscription-based charging Free access during content service subscription period May be combined with event-based charging

Nokia Intelligent EDGE Solution

Service enablers
Messaging

CPS
Download and streaming Supporting enablers

IP network
Content service providers

Application service providers

Internet

Service Core

Multi-access
Dynamic subscriptionIntelligent Session controlManagement and charging control registers

Corporate Intranet

Service aware packet connectivity

Mobile Virtual network operator

Radio Network Controller

Radio network supervision Radio resource management Mobility management Support open interfaces Iu & Iur Flexible and modular platform in Nokia's version Height 1.8m Width 0.6m Depth 0.6m

RESOURCE AND SWITCH RADIO RESOURCE INTERFACE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT UNIT SIGNALLING UNIT

RNC architecture

SWITCHING FABRIC MULTIPLEXER UNIT UNIT

Functions: Functions: NIU - RNC wide functions - L3 protocolradio resource functions - ATM switch management management functionsNBAP - RANAP, RNSAP, - DSP resource management Characteristics: - RRC Characteristics: - Pentium based Characteristics: - Pentium based - 2n redundant Pentium based NIU - 2n redundant - RN+1 redundant
NETWORK INTERFACE UNIT
A2SU

Functions: AAL2 SWITCHING UNIT

- ATM Switching Multiplexing towards SFU Functions: Characteristics: AAL2 minipacket --622 Mbit/s towards SFU 8 switching ports processing Characteristics: - 2n redundant 5 Gbit/s - SN+1 redundant - 2n redundant

DATA AND MACRODIVERSITY COMBINING UNIT GPRS TUNNELING PROTOCOL UNIT

Functions: - Physical layer functions - ATM layer functions - IU, IUR, IUB Characteristics: - No redundancy

DMCU

SFU
GTPU

MXU
ICSU RRMU

Functions: Functions: - Macrodiversity combining - UDP/IP termination - Outer loop power control - GTP forwarding functions - RLC, MAC, PDCP Characteristics: - Ciphering - Pentium based Characteristics: - SN+1 redundant - ~6000 MIPS - SN+1 redundant

TIMING AND HARDWARE MANAGEMENT BUS UNIT

RSMU

NETWORK ELEMENT OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT UNIT MAINTENANCE UNIT

Functions: - RNC syncronization - HW management Characteristics: - TSS3 RNC level - TBUF subrack level - 2n redundant

NEMU TCP/IP

OMU

TBU

Functions: Functions: - Graphical user - O&M functions interfaces - Key Perfomance - RNW database Indicators - NMS interface - recovery functions Characteristics: Characteristics: - Pentium based - Pentium based - No redundancy - 2n redundant

Radio Network Controller site solution

1800 mm

Scalable traffic capacity in 5 steps 48 - 196 Mbit/s nominal capacity Any traffic mix of voice and data Redundant structure

2 3 4

600 mm

5
600 + 600 mm

Busy Hour Call Attempts Erlangs Throughput Mbits/sec Number of carriers Number of BTSs High Capacity RNC Number of subscribers Busy Hour Call Attempts Erlangs Throughput Mbits/sec Number of carriers Number of BTSs

33000 66000 99000 1100 2200 3300 RNC 26 Capacities 78 52 256 384 512 85 128 170 1 73000 40500 1300 48 384 128 2 130000 81500 2700 85 576 192 3 186000 122000 4000 122 768 256

132000 4400 104 640 213 4 240000 163000 5400 159 960 320

165000 5500 130 768 256 5 300000 204000 6800 196 1152 384

Nokia WCDMA base station solution

Base station sites:
Macrocell sites Microcell sites Picocell sites

What is the difference between site, cell and sector?

Different frequencies

A site is a physical cabinet with carriers/TRXs.

WCDMA - 1 carrier = 5MHz

A site may have one or more cells.

GSM - 1 TRX ~ 7 traffic channels

Cells that belong to a site with more than one cell are usually referred to as a sector.

GSM/WCDMA solution Co-located sites

Nokia WCDMA Trimode UltraSite

WCDMA configuration:

1+1+1. 5W
2+2+2. 2W BTS capacity: max. 10 Mbits/s per cabinet Other features: Either 12 GSM/EDGE transceivers or

GSM+EDGE part

WCDMA part

6 GSM/EDGE and 3 WCDMA carriers (6 in Release 2)

Nokia WCDMA UltraSite solution

Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima

Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima Compact

Indoor

Outdoor

Outdoor

Indoor

Outdoor

Site support
Site support units can contain batteries in case of main failure, transmission equipment, and more.

3rd party transmission

Batteries

Nokia MetroSite solution

Nokia MetroSite WCDMA Base Station 2 GHz WCDMA networks

Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station 900/1800 MHz GSM, EDGE networks

Nokia MetroHub --- Transmission Node

Nokia MetroHopper Radio Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radio

Co-locating GSM & WCDMA BTS

Battery Backup

Nokia WLAN technology

Which solution to use?

Student Exercise: Imagine that you had to build a site. Which of the following would you take into account when selecting the Node B?

a) Which is the easiest and cost-effective way to add the site to the network?
b) How many sites will cover the area? c) The expected number of subscribers in the area? d) The amount of power that the site will transmit on? e) Where the Node B will be positioned; will people see it or shall only the antenna be visible? f) The amount of space available for the site? g) The expected capacity that the site should carry?

Transmission
Multiplexer eg MetroHub 3G BTS 2G BTS ATM cross connect unit
A IU IUr

MSC

BSC

RNC

Sites are connected together in different ways to optimise cost, whilst assuring the best quality and redundancy.

AXU

The links can be wire, optical or radio microwave links.

What do base station sites look like?

UltraHoppers

MetroHoppers FlexiHopper

X-pol. antennas

Site support

Base Station

Base station sites can be found in many different places and in different forms. The sites are connected together in different ways.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Packet / cell based transmission 48 octets (bytes) of payload, 5 octets of header per packet (ATM cell) Examples of physical interfaces: STM-1 E1 Ethernet

Management of 3G/UMTS networks

The past decade has seen an increase in the type and number of network elements. This has lead to more complex networks.
FSC SDH BTS(D) PDH BTS BTS BTS BSC BSC BSC MSC MSC MSC 3G BTS WAP PPG MAX IPTGW HSS WTA server BRAN MMSC CPS Chat WLAN UTRAN server PKI EDGE NCC Profiler RAN IGSN xDSL Appl RAN xDSL GIO Servers GIO WAP GW WAP GW BG BG GGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN SMSC SMSC FSC SCP SCP FSC SDH SDH PDH PDH BTS BTS BSC BSC MSC MSC

Business Business Mgmt Mgmt

SMSC SCP FSC SDH PDH BTS BSC MSC

BG GGSN SGSN SMSC SCP FSC SDH PDH BTS BSC MSC

Service Service Management Management Network Network Management Management Network Element Network Element Management Management Network Elements Network Elements

93

95

97

99

2002

3GPP is focusing on Network and Service Management layers to establish 3G operation support standard.

Network element management tasks on a single element.

Network management tasks on many elements at the same time.

Nokia NetAct Solution

Business Management Systems

MIS

Functions of Service management systems: Take care of subcriber data Provision services and subscribers Collect and rate, bill offered services Create, promote and monitor services Network management system (NMS): Collect information from the underlying networks and pre/post-process the raw data Analyse and distribute information Optimise network capacity and quality Element management systems (EM): EMs are part of the NE (RNC, BTS, AXC,etc.) functionality Monitor the functioning of the equipment Collect raw data (performance indicators) Local GUI provided for site engineers Mediate towards the NMS system

Service Management Systems Planning System Network Management Systems

CCB

NMS

Element Management Systems

BTS BTS

AXC RNC NE x

NE y

NE = network element, CCB = customer care and billing, MIS = management information system

Nokia NetAct frame structure

Workflow Manager Planner Configurator & Provisioning Monitor Service Quality Manager Reporter Administrator

Common network typology Common WEB GUI

3rd Party Tools

Unified Mediation and Adaptation

Rating & Charging

Network

Nokia network management tools

T okyo ar ea - north

NMS site

RNC Ueno 1-1

RNC Otemachi 1

RNC Shinj uku 1

RNC Shinj uku 2

RNC Ikebukur o 1-1

T okyo ar ea - south

RNC

RNC

RNC

RNC

RNC

M egur o 1-1

T okyo 1-1

T okyo 2-1

Shibya 1- 1

Shibya 2- 1

RNC sit e 17 M ar unouchi bldg print er Vent. 7F M ar unouchi 1-2-3 NMS termi nal P ow er Chioda-ku s ite manager : Sato Akiyos hi tel: 090 4002 8196

BTS Local Management Tool

BTS site

Monitoring
The monitoring of alarms involve collecting alarms and statistics to identify problems in the network.
Problem identification

Problem handling

Problem detection

Verification

Radio network planning & development

Radio network planning
Radio network planning tool Nokia TOTEM 3rd party planning tool Intranet

Plan management in NMS

Plan Repository

NMS provides a Web Site for RNW plans: l storage l edit l download, activate & rollback l upload actual configuration

Plan Modification

Planning Interface

Plan Provisioning

BTS

RNW plan in XML format

BTS

RNC

ATM Module

BTS

Radio Access Network

Summary of Nokia network evolution

Release 3 ('99) Architecture

UTRAN - WCDMA air interface Enhanced core network functionality New service architecture
RAN
Control Plane HLR
GSM BTS
Nokia Charging Gateway Nokia Charging Center

Application Platforms Mobility Core

Internet Gateway e-mail Multimedia Messaging Game platform

BSC
Triple Mode BTS

3G MSC

DXC Fiber Fiber

Internet

WCDMA BTS

MWR TDM Access

RNC 2G 3G SGSN SGSN GGSN

PSTN

Gateway Plane

NMS

Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

Rel.99 UTRAN - WCDMA air interface Enhanced core network functionality New service architecture Rel.4 Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offer Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced service GERAN implementation

3GPP Release 5 architecture

Rel.99
UTRAN - WCDMA air interface Enhanced core network functionality New service architecture

Rel.4

Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advance GERAN implementation

Rel.5

IP Multimedia Subsystem High Speed Downlink Packet Access IP transport in the core network IP transport in UTRAN End to end IP services Simpler service integration due to simplified protocol stacks Easy integration and enabling of instant messaging, precence information and real time conversation services

Review 1/9
GSM/EDGE BTS Abis Gb

Nokia BSC

Nokia 2G SGSN

A MSC

Uu

IUb

Ater

TCSM

IU-CS IUr Node B / WCDMA BTS RNC IU-PS

Gn Gn
Nokia 2G/3G GGSN

PSTN PSTN
MGW
GI

Internet Internet

3G-SGSN

Review (2/9)
2. Which of the following information is not kept on the SIM? a) IMSI number b) SMS messages c) Network information (that is, location area) d) Time and date 3. Which of the following alternatives include radio access specifications (more than one)? a) GSM b) IP c) EDGE d) UTRAN

Review (3/9)
4. Which of the following alternatives are NOT functions of the base station? a) Speech coding

b) Transmission of signal
c) Modulation d) Charging data generation

5. TRUE or FALSE? Batteries are used at a site as an alternative source of energy for the BTS in case of a power failure.

Review (4/9)
6. What configuration is this? a) A distant star configuration b) A tail configuration c) A loop configuration

d) A chain configuration
e) None of the above

Review (5/9)
7. If we say that the BTS is a 2+2+2, what does it mean? a) There are 3 locations where we can find 2 sites. b) A single site is divided into 3 cells, each with 2 TRXs/carriers. c) A single site is divided into 2 cells, each with 3 TRXs/carriers. d) A TRX/carrier is divided into 3 time slots. 8. The Iur interface is used between two RNCs. What is the purpose of this interface? a) There is no use for this interface. b) It is used for soft handovers. c) It is used to transfer software files. d) It is used when a RNC has a hardware failure.

Review (6/9)
9. Which of the following is NOT a function of the RNC? a) Management of radio channels b) Power control c) Handover control d) Charging

10. Which of the following are NOT elements of the core network? a) MSC b) HLR c) GGSN d) BTS

Review (7/9)
11. In which elements is the coding/decoding of speech performed?
a) Mobile and BTS b) Mobile and RNC c) Mobile and Multimedia Gateway (MGW) d) Mobile and HLR

12. Which of the following are functions of the 3G-SGSN? a) Protocol conversion between RAN and IP b) Charging information generation c) Radio channel allocation d) Authentication of a mobile

Review (8/9)
13. What is the principle aim of IP Telephony? a) To fully use a circuit switched connection b) To fully use an IP connection c) To support video services d) None of the above 14. Which of the following sentences are false? a) MGW for 3G-MSC contains transcoding function. b) 2G-SGSN can be upgraded to 3G-SGSN. c) The existing MSC, HLR will support 3G by SW upgrade d) GGSN will be compatible to both 2G and 3G GPRS network elements by minor SW and HW upgrade.

Review (9/9)
15. What are the main functions of MGW for 3G-MSC? Speech transcoding, signalling conversion, ATM-TDM conversion