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Module topics
Introduction to UMTS Release 99 architecture Radio Access Network User Equipment Core Network UMTS network management solutions
Review questions
Objectives 1(2)
After completing this module the student will be able to: Identify and list the network subsystems of Release 99 Identify and list the requirements of UMTS mobile terminals Briefly explain the network elements used in Release 4 List and identify the network elements used within the radio access network (RAN), in terms of the name and function
Briefly explain how base station sites are selected and describe the different cellular transmission solutions available
Objectives 2(2)
Identify the main functions of the Nokia RNC List and identify the network elements used within the core network in terms of the name and function within the context of Release 99 List and identify the need for comprehensive network management in UMTS. With the help of the material, identify the framework of the Nokia NetAct solution without using any references (if not otherwise stated).
PSTN/ ISDN
EIR
HLR
AC
UTRAN IPbackbone
corp. network
GGSN
SGSN
PDN WAP
CG Billing Centre
Inter-PLMN Network
Exchange specific functions: - switching - signalling evaluation - operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation, statistics) Mobile communication specific functions - mobility management - mobile specific connection management - interaction with HLR and VLR - interaction with GERAN/UTRAN - transcoding (UMTS only)
Exchange specific functions: - switching - signalling evaluation - operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation, statistics)
Mobile communication specific functions - Interrogation of HLR
generates subscriber related data for USIM VPLMN mutual authentication ciphering
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Mobility Management
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
(authentication, authorisation, admission control, CDR collection, operator determined barring) (relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)
CSE
CAP D CAP C Nc
HLR
MSCServer
A GERAN UTRAN Iu Mc (H.248) CSMGW
GMSCServer
Mc (H.248)
A
Iu
Nb
CSMGW
HLR C
A
GERAN UTRAN Iu A Iu Mc (H.248) CSMGW
BSS
BSC
Iu-g
3G MSC/VLR
Um
BTS BTS
BSC
Uu
Iu-g
IMS
I-CSCF
S-CSCF
MRF Other IP/IMS network
RAN
SGSN
P-CSCF GGSN
Visited network
IMS
CN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs) domain
RNC
Iu-CS
3G MSC/VLR
Iur
UE
RNC
Iu-PS
3G SGSN
packet switched (ps) domain
RNC Radio Network Controller UE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + Universal SIM (USIM)
UTRAN
(RNS)
RNC
Iu-CS
3G MSC/VLR
Uu
UE
RNC Radio Network Controller UE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)
Uu Interface WCDMA
RNC
Iub Interface ATM
800kbps L1 rate
50 Erlang
Voice traffic Data Traffic
Traffic Mix
"Safe area"
Once Output Power Level on Uplink passes the Safe Area limit, the WCDMA air interface becomes unstable. Load per carrier must be kept below this limit
50%
0%
100%
HSDPA Release 5
AMC, adaptative modulation and coding 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation used in good radio link conditions
Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) as error detection mechanism provides efficient retransmissons
support for services requiring high data rates in downlink, e.g. Internet browsing and video on demand. High data rates up to 10Mbit/s
Airport lounges
Airports offer considerable potential traffic and have good publicity value.
User Equipment
+
USIM User Terminal
Uu Node B
Tolerance
Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to GSM because of continuous transmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum transmission power determines the cell radius.
GSM 900 Power class 1 Power class 2 Power class 3 Power class 4 Power class 5
Maximum output power 43dBm (20W) only used in GSM Phase 1 39dBm (8W) 37dBm (5W) 33dBm (2W) 29dBm (0.8W)
DX200
IPA2800
Nokia IP HP/SUN
Future NED
Mobility Core
HLR
2G MSC
PSTN MGW Gb
PSTN
Iu-CS RNC
Internet
PSTN
Iu-PS
CG
BG
DNS
Operator IP network
NMS
MSCi architecture
BSS
ET TGFP VANG CDSU GSW ECET ET
X.25 or LAN to OMC and SMS
ECET CLS
PABX NSS
CCSU
MFSU
BSU
PAU MB
CASU
BDCU
CCMU
CMU
CM
VLRU
LAN
STU
LAN
CHU
OMU
LAN
CMU Basic Terminal ECET Visitor Management Programmable TGFP Echo Switchunit CDSU PAU, Cancelling signalling CLS - -Tone Generator and Exchance CASU, Operation and Field Unit M GSW-Central Memory Maintenance ET- -ExchangeLocation Register BDCU- CellularDataMFSU, CCSUUnit CCMU--GroupBSU,Data Service Units Management CM-Marker- SystemCommunications Unit VLRU-ClockCharging/Statistical Unit UnitTerminal Unit Common CHU/STU OMU Compact Channel Generation/storage Switch adaptationscapability storage Centralisedtemporarynetwork ofmodem of external PCM line Cellular Same as synchronisation, cancelling pools, Generates switching CDRs/measurement rate Enables signalling, ofsubscriber Clock signals for synchronisation for Billing data Controls thesupervision, data, recovery. The actualunits with echo and the MSCi ElectricalCircuit supporting different types System Communication Switchedalarms,configuration Centre SignallingET,Group routing CDSU control of protocols Tariffing,ofmanagement functionsinformation(SS7) software Storage radio butlinks to O&M, SMSC,CCS7 data adaptation DTMF signals network and
ATM/TDM conversion
Iu/A signalling conversion between narrowband and broadband CCS7
Transcoding
DX 200 MSC
MGW
ATM
RNC
TDM PCM
PSTN/ Transit network
STM-1 Iu-CS
Nokia 3G MSC
NEMU (Control and Administrative network interface units, CACU (AAL2 Switching Units). Ensures Unit). Local user A2SU (Network Unit). Management efficient transport MXU (MultiplexerElementConnects the actual Unit). Controls TCU (TranscodingUnits). Performs Computer conversion of SFU (Operation and Maintenance storage, and signalling OMU(ATM Switching Fabric Units). Switches the calls allocation SPMU (Signal Processing Management System software, O&M ISU (Interface Signalling Unit). CN Unit).Unit). Control processed CM (Central Memory). Central dataemulationdistribution facility, interface, inter-face towards based on for network management. switchingdifferent signalspeech formats and theconnected to the information with limited processing units units main switch computer units units (SFU) higher level to from and vice between fabric& AMR transfer delay inputsPCM, Interface by the signalling functions, towards the MSC. signalling processors. of MGW for 3G-MSC's digital emulation etc. handling (e.g. digit ananlysis). CCS7 exchange. Someswitch functions. Signalling Units (ISUs). main fabric. versa. O&M fabric.
DX 200 MSC
MGW
TDM PCM
PSTN/ Transit network
STM-1
Iu-CS
Nokia 3G MSC
DX 200 HLRi
ET
MSC
CLS
GSW ET
HLR
EIRU
CCSU
CMM
BDCU
MB
VDU and LPT VDU and LPT
ACU
EMU
HLRU
DBDU
LAN
STU
OMU
HLR
HLR
Other networks
Database
SRRi
SGSN
MSC
SRRi architecture
ET HLR ET MSC
CLS
GSW
X.25 or LAN to OMC and SMS
CCSU
CMM
BDCU
LAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
VDU and LPT VDU and LPT
SGSN
Internet
BG
GPRS Backbone IP Network Inter-PLMN Network
Border Gateway Gateway GPRS Support Node Firewall GGSN
Corporate
Server
Router Intranet
Local Area NW
DNS
Cooling fans
In UMTS some of the functionality needed in the 2G-SGSN is now included as functions in the RNC. The 3G-SGSN is a compact unit.
1193
Cable guides
Power supplies
Tunnelling Unit
Gn
Capacity
Max number of subscribers: 300 000 Throughput and number of connections: 900 Mbps and 200 000 PDP contexts OR 600 Mbps and 600 000 PDP contexts
(512 byte packet size)
Interfaces of 3G-SGSN
RNC 3G Core Network (VPLMN) NMS Ga CG Iu
Gn
Gp
Gr
3G SGSN
3G SGSN
Gf
EIR
Gd
SMSC
BG (Border Gateway)
Nokia FlexiFamily
High-availability carrier-grade server platform Linux based Nokia IP Multimedia Subsystem servers based on Nokia FlexiServer Nokia FlexiGateway a carrier-grade gateway platform and the future basis for network user-plane functions such as packet routing and processing Nokia FlexiGateway, with specially designed content-aware provisioning extensions, will gradually complete the implementation of the All-IP architecture
IMR
CPS
CG
BG
LIG SGSNDNS
GPRS
Communication Parameters (timers)
BTS
HTTP human interface Provisioning Network Management Customer Care and Billing CDR parameters
SUN
PoC Register
Access Control & Enterprise Connectivity
Service management
System Parameters
OS S
IC D
CG 4.0 OSC 1.0 NSM 1.0
Prepaid System
BSS
CCBS
ISN 1.1
CA 1.1
Content functions
Service access
Content providers
GGSN 4.0
TA 1.2
Gn
GGSN functions Traffic Analyser
Gi
Service switching
Nokia ISN
GGSN
PDP Context
AP
ap1.operator.com
CPS
Download and streaming Supporting enablers
IP network
Content service providers
Internet
Service Core
Multi-access
Dynamic subscriptionIntelligent Session controlManagement and charging control registers
Corporate Intranet
RESOURCE AND SWITCH RADIO RESOURCE INTERFACE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT UNIT SIGNALLING UNIT
RNC architecture
Functions: Functions: NIU - RNC wide functions - L3 protocolradio resource functions - ATM switch management management functionsNBAP - RANAP, RNSAP, - DSP resource management Characteristics: - RRC Characteristics: - Pentium based Characteristics: - Pentium based - 2n redundant Pentium based NIU - 2n redundant - RN+1 redundant
NETWORK INTERFACE UNIT
A2SU
- ATM Switching Multiplexing towards SFU Functions: Characteristics: AAL2 minipacket --622 Mbit/s towards SFU 8 switching ports processing Characteristics: - 2n redundant 5 Gbit/s - SN+1 redundant - 2n redundant
Functions: - Physical layer functions - ATM layer functions - IU, IUR, IUB Characteristics: - No redundancy
DMCU
SFU
GTPU
MXU
ICSU RRMU
Functions: Functions: - Macrodiversity combining - UDP/IP termination - Outer loop power control - GTP forwarding functions - RLC, MAC, PDCP Characteristics: - Ciphering - Pentium based Characteristics: - SN+1 redundant - ~6000 MIPS - SN+1 redundant
RSMU
Functions: - RNC syncronization - HW management Characteristics: - TSS3 RNC level - TBUF subrack level - 2n redundant
NEMU TCP/IP
OMU
TBU
Functions: Functions: - Graphical user - O&M functions interfaces - Key Perfomance - RNW database Indicators - NMS interface - recovery functions Characteristics: Characteristics: - Pentium based - Pentium based - No redundancy - 2n redundant
Scalable traffic capacity in 5 steps 48 - 196 Mbit/s nominal capacity Any traffic mix of voice and data Redundant structure
2 3 4
600 mm
5
600 + 600 mm
Busy Hour Call Attempts Erlangs Throughput Mbits/sec Number of carriers Number of BTSs High Capacity RNC Number of subscribers Busy Hour Call Attempts Erlangs Throughput Mbits/sec Number of carriers Number of BTSs
33000 66000 99000 1100 2200 3300 RNC 26 Capacities 78 52 256 384 512 85 128 170 1 73000 40500 1300 48 384 128 2 130000 81500 2700 85 576 192 3 186000 122000 4000 122 768 256
132000 4400 104 640 213 4 240000 163000 5400 159 960 320
165000 5500 130 768 256 5 300000 204000 6800 196 1152 384
Cells that belong to a site with more than one cell are usually referred to as a sector.
1+1+1. 5W
2+2+2. 2W BTS capacity: max. 10 Mbits/s per cabinet Other features: Either 12 GSM/EDGE transceivers or
GSM+EDGE part
WCDMA part
Indoor
Outdoor
Outdoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Site support
Site support units can contain batteries in case of main failure, transmission equipment, and more.
Batteries
Nokia MetroSite EDGE Base Station 900/1800 MHz GSM, EDGE networks
Battery Backup
a) Which is the easiest and cost-effective way to add the site to the network?
b) How many sites will cover the area? c) The expected number of subscribers in the area? d) The amount of power that the site will transmit on? e) Where the Node B will be positioned; will people see it or shall only the antenna be visible? f) The amount of space available for the site? g) The expected capacity that the site should carry?
Transmission
Multiplexer eg MetroHub 3G BTS 2G BTS ATM cross connect unit
A IU IUr
MSC
BSC
RNC
Sites are connected together in different ways to optimise cost, whilst assuring the best quality and redundancy.
AXU
MetroHoppers FlexiHopper
X-pol. antennas
Site support
Base Station
Base station sites can be found in many different places and in different forms. The sites are connected together in different ways.
BG GGSN SGSN SMSC SCP FSC SDH PDH BTS BSC MSC
Service Service Management Management Network Network Management Management Network Element Network Element Management Management Network Elements Network Elements
93
95
97
99
2002
3GPP is focusing on Network and Service Management layers to establish 3G operation support standard.
MIS
Functions of Service management systems: Take care of subcriber data Provision services and subscribers Collect and rate, bill offered services Create, promote and monitor services Network management system (NMS): Collect information from the underlying networks and pre/post-process the raw data Analyse and distribute information Optimise network capacity and quality Element management systems (EM): EMs are part of the NE (RNC, BTS, AXC,etc.) functionality Monitor the functioning of the equipment Collect raw data (performance indicators) Local GUI provided for site engineers Mediate towards the NMS system
CCB
NMS
BTS BTS
AXC RNC NE x
NE y
NE = network element, CCB = customer care and billing, MIS = management information system
Network
T okyo ar ea - north
NMS site
RNC Otemachi 1
T okyo ar ea - south
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
M egur o 1-1
T okyo 1-1
T okyo 2-1
Shibya 1- 1
Shibya 2- 1
RNC sit e 17 M ar unouchi bldg print er Vent. 7F M ar unouchi 1-2-3 NMS termi nal P ow er Chioda-ku s ite manager : Sato Akiyos hi tel: 090 4002 8196
BTS site
Monitoring
The monitoring of alarms involve collecting alarms and statistics to identify problems in the network.
Problem identification
Problem handling
Problem detection
Verification
NMS provides a Web Site for RNW plans: l storage l edit l download, activate & rollback l upload actual configuration
Plan Modification
Planning Interface
Plan Provisioning
BTS
BTS
RNC
ATM Module
BTS
BSC
Triple Mode BTS
3G MSC
Internet
WCDMA BTS
PSTN
Gateway Plane
NMS
Rel.99 UTRAN - WCDMA air interface Enhanced core network functionality New service architecture Rel.4 Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offer Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced service GERAN implementation
Rel.4
Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advance GERAN implementation
Rel.5
IP Multimedia Subsystem High Speed Downlink Packet Access IP transport in the core network IP transport in UTRAN End to end IP services Simpler service integration due to simplified protocol stacks Easy integration and enabling of instant messaging, precence information and real time conversation services
Review 1/9
GSM/EDGE BTS Abis Gb
Nokia BSC
Nokia 2G SGSN
A MSC
Uu
IUb
Ater
TCSM
PSTN PSTN
MGW
GI
Internet Internet
3G-SGSN
Review (2/9)
2. Which of the following information is not kept on the SIM? a) IMSI number b) SMS messages c) Network information (that is, location area) d) Time and date 3. Which of the following alternatives include radio access specifications (more than one)? a) GSM b) IP c) EDGE d) UTRAN
Review (3/9)
4. Which of the following alternatives are NOT functions of the base station? a) Speech coding
b) Transmission of signal
c) Modulation d) Charging data generation
5. TRUE or FALSE? Batteries are used at a site as an alternative source of energy for the BTS in case of a power failure.
Review (4/9)
6. What configuration is this? a) A distant star configuration b) A tail configuration c) A loop configuration
d) A chain configuration
e) None of the above
Review (5/9)
7. If we say that the BTS is a 2+2+2, what does it mean? a) There are 3 locations where we can find 2 sites. b) A single site is divided into 3 cells, each with 2 TRXs/carriers. c) A single site is divided into 2 cells, each with 3 TRXs/carriers. d) A TRX/carrier is divided into 3 time slots. 8. The Iur interface is used between two RNCs. What is the purpose of this interface? a) There is no use for this interface. b) It is used for soft handovers. c) It is used to transfer software files. d) It is used when a RNC has a hardware failure.
Review (6/9)
9. Which of the following is NOT a function of the RNC? a) Management of radio channels b) Power control c) Handover control d) Charging
10. Which of the following are NOT elements of the core network? a) MSC b) HLR c) GGSN d) BTS
Review (7/9)
11. In which elements is the coding/decoding of speech performed?
a) Mobile and BTS b) Mobile and RNC c) Mobile and Multimedia Gateway (MGW) d) Mobile and HLR
12. Which of the following are functions of the 3G-SGSN? a) Protocol conversion between RAN and IP b) Charging information generation c) Radio channel allocation d) Authentication of a mobile
Review (8/9)
13. What is the principle aim of IP Telephony? a) To fully use a circuit switched connection b) To fully use an IP connection c) To support video services d) None of the above 14. Which of the following sentences are false? a) MGW for 3G-MSC contains transcoding function. b) 2G-SGSN can be upgraded to 3G-SGSN. c) The existing MSC, HLR will support 3G by SW upgrade d) GGSN will be compatible to both 2G and 3G GPRS network elements by minor SW and HW upgrade.
Review (9/9)
15. What are the main functions of MGW for 3G-MSC? Speech transcoding, signalling conversion, ATM-TDM conversion