Supporting I/O Devices

Basic Principles of Peripheral Installations

Both hardware and software must be installed (hardware is controlled by software) Install all levels of software Device driver must be written specifically for the OS More than one peripheral device might attempt to use same resources Update drivers, the firmware, or both

Installation Overview
1. Install the device (internal or external)
2. Install the device driver

3. Install the application software

Ports

Using Ports and Expansion Slots for Add-on Device

Ports

Serial Parallel USB

IEEE 1394
SCSI

Expansion slots

Port Speeds

Using Serial Ports

Transmit data in single bits (serially)

Nine or 25 pins
Almost always male Originally intended for input and output devices Configured as COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4

Using Serial Ports (continued)

Port assignments are made in CMOS setup Conform to standard interface called RS232c

Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE) designations

Port Comparison

Default Port Assignments

Serial Port Specifications

Null Modem Connection

Enables data transmission between two DTE devices without the need for modems Special cable (null modem cable) has several wires cross-connected to simulate modem connection

Pin Connections for a 25-Pin Null Modem Cable

Wire Connections on a 25-Pin Null Modem Cable

Infrared Transceivers

Use resources of a serial port for communication

Create a virtual infrared serial port and virtual infrared port for infrared devices UART logic on the motherboard controls serial ports on the board Line-of-sight issue

Using Parallel Ports

Transmit data in parallel, eight bits at a time

Almost always female Originally intended for printers Can be configured as LPT1, LPT2, or LPT3 Port assignments are made in CMOS setup

Avoid using a cable longer than 15 feet to ensure data integrity

Types of Parallel Ports

Standard parallel port (SPP)

Allows data to flow in only one direction Slowest of the three types Bi-directional Bi-directional Uses the DMA channel

Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP)

Extended Capabilities Port (ECP)

A Standard Parallel Port

Using USB Ports

Effortless installation of slow peripheral devices

Much faster than regular serial ports; use higher-quality cabling Easier to manage; eliminate need to manually resolve resource conflicts Likely to replace serial and parallel ports

Using USB Ports (continued)

Allow for hot-swapping; are hot-pluggable

Most current motherboards have one to four USB ports Managed by a USB host controller As many as 127 USB devices can be daisychained together using USB devices

USB Ports

USB Host Controller

Requirements for Preparing to Install a USB Device

Motherboard or expansion card that provides a USB port OS that supports USB

USB device
USB device driver

Installing a USB Device

Some devices (eg, printers) require the device to be plugged in before installation Some devices (eg, scanners) require the driver to be installed before the device is plugged in Using Device Manager, verify that USB controller is installed and working properly

Using IEEE 1394 Ports

Transmit data serially; faster than USB Likely to replace SCSI for high-volume, multimedia external devices Provide either a 4-pin or 6-pin connector Hot-pluggable Can be daisy-chained together and managed by a host controller using one set of system resources Use isochronous data transfer

Isochronous transfers involve large streams of data. This format is used to move continuous, real-time data streams such as voice or video. Data delivery rates are predetermined and correspond to the sampling rate o the device.

IEEE 1394 Port Standards

IEEE 1394A

Supports data speeds up to 1.2 Gbps Allows for cable lengths up to 15 feet

IEEE 1394B

Supports speeds up to 3.2 Gbps Allows for cable length up to 328 feet

IEEE 1394 Cable Connections

Using IEEE 1394 Ports

Keyboards

Traditional straight design or ergonomic design Two technologies for keys making contact

Foil contact Metal contact

Installing keyboards

Keyboard Connectors

PS/2 connector (or mini-DIN)

Small, round, with six pins

DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm) connector

Round with five pins

USB port

Wireless connection

Requires a driver

Keyboard Connectors (continued)

Pinouts for Keyboard Connectors

Pinouts for Keyboard Connectors

You'll notice a few things about the table. First, there are only four actual signals used in the standard keyboard interface; the extra pins on both types of connector are not used
(This mismatch means that the connectors were chosen either from existing designs to save development costs, or that room was left for future expansion that was never used. Both occur commonly in the PC industry.)

A Keyboard Adapter

Since the signals are the same for the two types of connector--they just use different pins. This means that simple mechanical adapters can be made to convert between the two. These adapters let a keyboard that terminates in a large connector work on a system that requires a small connector, and vice-versa.

Troubleshooting Keyboards

A few keys dont work Keyboard does not work at all Key continues to repeat after being released Keys produce the wrong characters Major spills on the keyboard

Pointing Devices

How a Wheel Mouse Works

How a Mouse Connects to the Computer

Dedicated round mouse port (motherboard mouse or PS/2-compatible mouse) Mouse bus card (bus mouse) Serial port (serial mouse) USB port

Y-connection with the keyboard

Cordless technology

Pointing Devices

Touch screens

Other pointing devices

Trackballs

Touch pads

Troubleshooting a Mouse

Check mouse port connection Check for dust or dirt; reboot PC

Try new mouse

Uninstall and reinstall mouse driver; reboot PC Reboot PC and select logged option from startup menu to create Bootlog.exe file

Continue to boot and check log for errors

Other Devices

Scanners Web Cameras Biometric Devices Bar Code Readers Touch Screens