Agenda

. GSM900/DCS1800 . The GSM Network & Air Interface . Technical Basics . Speech Coding . Types of Channel . Making a Phone Call

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/1 / 2012/9/17

( Groupe Special Mobile ) Global System for Mobile

GSM
NOKIA nokia.ppt/2 / 2012/9/17

GSM Development History

1982 Groupe Special Mobile?is created within CEPT 1986 A Permanent Nucleus is set up 1987 Main radio transmission techniques are chosen, based on prototype evalution (1986) 1989 GSM becomes an ETSI technical committe 1990 The phase 1 GSM 900 specifications are finalized 1991 First systems are running 1992 All major European GSM 900 operators begin commercial operator
NOKIA nokia.ppt/3 / 2012/9/17

GSM / DCS1800 Functionalities

Speech Services Data Services Short Message Services (SMS)

Supplementary Services Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Security Function

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/4 / 2012/9/17

RF Aspects
TDMA 0.3GMSK Modulation Burst Power Transmission Neighbour Cells Measurement Hopping Uplink / Downlink DTx BER & Receiver Testing

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/5 / 2012/9/17

GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900
Uplink Downlink ARFCN range TX/RX Spacing (Freq.) TX/RX Spacing (Time) Modulation Data Rate Frame Period Timeslot Period Bit Period Modulation Channel Spacing TDMA Mux MS Max Power MS Min Power MS Power Control Steps Voice Coder Bit Rate GSM900 890 to 915MHz 935 to 960MHz 1 to 124 45MHz 3 Timeslots 270.833kbit/s 4.615ms 576.9us 3.692us 0.3GMSK 200KHz 8 20W( 8W is max in use) 13dBm 5 to 19 13kbit/s GSM900 880 to 915MHz 925 to 960MHz 0 to 124 and 975 to 1023 45MHz DCS1800 1710 to 1785MHz 1805 to 1880MHz 512 to 885 95MHz DCS1800 1710 to 1785MHz 1805 to 1880MHz 512 to 885 95MHz PCS1900 1850 to 1910MHz 1930 to 1990MHz 512 to 810 80MHz

8W 5dBm

8W 4dBm 0 to 15 13kbit/s

1W 0dBm 0 to 15 13kbit/s 6.5kbit/s

1W 0dBm 30,31,0 to 15 13kbit/s

13kbit/s 6.5kbit/s

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/6 / 2012/9/17

GSM Frequency Range

890 - 915 MHz Uplink / MS Transmit 935 - 960 MHz Downlink / BS Transmit Duplex Offset 45 MHz Channel Spacing 200kHz Channel numbering 1 - 124 Transmission Speed 270 Kbits

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/7 / 2012/9/17

DCS1800 Frequency Range 1710 - 1785 MHz Uplink / MS Transmit 1805 - 1880 MHz Downlink / BS Transmit Duplex Offset 95 MHz Channel Spacing 200kHz Channel numbering 512 - 885 Transmission Speed 270 Kbits

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/8 / 2012/9/17

GSM Primary Band

45 MHz

890

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

Freq

Uplink ( Mobile to Base ) Downlink ( Base to Mobile )

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/9 / 2012/9/17

DCS1800 Primary Band

95 MHz

1710 1735 1760 1785 1800 1825 1850 1875

Freq

Uplink ( Mobile to Base ) Downlink ( Base to Mobile )

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/10 / 2012/9/17

Carriers at the border of the GSM band

Freq
890.2 890.4 200 kHz 890.6 890.8

GSM band

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/11 / 2012/9/17

Carriers at the border of the DCS1800 band

Freq
1710.2 1710.4 1710.6 1710.8 200 kHz

DCS1800 band

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/12 / 2012/9/17

GSM Networks
ADC NMC

BTS BTS BTS BSC

OMC

OMC

BSS

MSC

VLR

EIR

MS

AUC
BTS

MSC
BTS BTS BSC VLR Interface to other network

HLR

BSS

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/13 / 2012/9/17

GSM Networks
Terminology: MS- Mobile Station () BSS- Base Station System () BTS- Base Transceiver Station () BSC- Base Station Controller () MSC- Mobile Switching Centre () OMC- Operations and Maintenance Centre () NMC- Network Management Centre () AUC- Authentication Centre () HLR- Home Location Register () VLR- Visitors Location Register () EIR- Equipment Identity Register ()
NOKIA nokia.ppt/14 / 2012/9/17

GSM Interface
Air Interface Abis Interface SS#7 SS#7

BTS

BSC

MS

BTS

BSC

MSC

PSTN

BTS

BSC

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/15 / 2012/9/17

GMSK Modulation
PSK
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1

1 0

Guassian Filter

Spectrum < 200kHz

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/16 / 2012/9/17

Modulation
Data Type ?1 -67.708KHz +67.708KHz Data Type ?0

Fc + 67.708KHz

Fc

Fc + 67.708KHz

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/17 / 2012/9/17

TDMA and FDMA

Physical Channel is an ARFCN and Timeslot
6 5 7

Amplitude
3 2 1
4
1
NOKIA

Timeslot

Frequency ARFCN

0
5 6

nokia.ppt/18 / 2012/9/17

TDMA and FDMA

Terminology:

FDMA TDMA ARFCN TS Physical

Logical

- Frequency Division Multiple Access - Time Division Multiple Access - Absolute RF Channel Number - Timeslot - The Combination of a TS number Channels and ARFCN. - Are Mapped on Physical Channels Channels

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/19 / 2012/9/17

GSM TDMA Power Burst

+4dB Tol +1.0dB

-6dB

Tol -1.0dB

-6dB

-30dB

147 Useful Bits 542.8us

-30dB

-70dB
10us 8us 10us 3

-70dB
148 Active Bits, 546.42us
57 1 26 1 57 3 10us 8us 10us

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/20 / 2012/9/17

Power Time Template

Power dB 0 Upper Limit Actual

Lower Limit

-70

10 8 10

542.8 us / 147 Bits Normal Burst

10 8 10

us Time

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/21 / 2012/9/17

Power Time Template

Power dB 0 Upper Limit Actual

Lower Limit 87 bits -70

10 8 10

321.23 us / 87 Bits 10 8 10 Access Burst

us

Time

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/22 / 2012/9/17

Uplink & Downlink

Downlink / MS Receive
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Uplink / MS Transmit

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/23 / 2012/9/17

Uplink & Downlink

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ARFCN DOWNLINK

45MHz

UPLINK
ARFCN 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 0 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5

. Uplink Lags Downlink by 3 Timeslot periods . Uplink and Downlink use same Timeslot Number . Uplink and Downlink use same Channel Number (ARFCN) . Uplink and Downlink use different bands(45MHz apart for GSM900)

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/24 / 2012/9/17

Frequency Hopping
Monitoring RX Lev RX Qual Home BS BS 1 BS 2

Coupler Switch Synth

Downlink

1 65

M O D

Register

124 Uplink Control 1 65 124

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/25 / 2012/9/17

Speech Coder
20ms Blocks

. RELP and LTP Coder

RELP- Residual-Excited Linear Prediction Coder LTP- Long Term Prediction

Speech Coder
260 Bits

. Converts Speech to Low Data Rate

Bits Ordered
260 Bits

. 20ms Speech makes 260Bits

. Output 13kbit/s

50
Very Important Bits
NOKIA nokia.ppt/26 / 2012/9/17

132
Important Bits

78
Other Bits

Error Correction
Type Ia 50
Block Code
Type Ia CRC Type Ib Type II

Type Ib 132

Type II 78

In
262 Bits

50

3
Re-ordering

132

78

Type Ia

Type Ib

CRC

Type Ib

Type Ia

Tail

Type II

25

66

66

25 4

78

Out 456 Bits

Half rate convolutional code

378 456 Bits from 20ms of Speech

NOKIA nokia.ppt/27 / 2012/9/17

78

Diagonal Interleaving
456 Bits from 20ms of Speech 456 Bits from 20ms of Speech

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

TCH

57 57

57 57

57 57

57 57

57 57

57 57

Traffic Channel (TCH) Bursts Carry Two 57 Bits Blocks (114) Each 120ms of Speech = 456x6 = 2736 bits 2736/114 = 24 bursts I.e. 24frames(mobile transmits once per frame) Multiframe has 26 frames in 120ms There are 2 spare frames One SACCH, one Idle
NOKIA nokia.ppt/28 / 2012/9/17

Speech to Radio / Radio to Speech

Speech Speech

Digitizing and Source coding

Source decoding

Channel coding

Channel decoding

Interleaving

De-interleaving

Burst formatting

Burst formatting

Ciphering

Deciphering

Modulation

Demodulation

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/29 / 2012/9/17

MS Camp on Flow Chart

MS Turn On

MS searches channels and orders by signal strength

MS goes to the assigned SDCCH ( Freq., timeslot, ... ) for authentication + location Update NO MS Next Stongest BCCH YES NO Using SACCH - adjust power, TA & report RX Qual etc

MS Stongest BCCH YES FCCH on BCCH and adjusts timebase SCH on BCCH and fine tunes timebase & timing

MS camped on - listens for page, can request service

YES

BS assigns SDCCH to MS using the CCCH

Decode BCCH & store info

Location = Previous Location?

MS sends RACH

Is BCCH in PLMN ?

NO

YES

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/30 / 2012/9/17

Orignated Call
BS ORIGINATED CALL
BS pages MS using the CCCH

MS sends RACH

MS ORIGINATED CALL
MS responds with RACH

BS assigns MS to SDCCH or TCH

TCH

MS transmits and receives speech on TCH

Using the SDCCH, authentication, call setup, and TCH assignment Using the SACCH, BS commands MS to adust power + timing, MS reports power + Rx quality of BCCH + adjacent BCCH

Using the FACCH on TCH authentication & location update

MS transmits + receives speech on TCH During inactive timeslots, MS measures adjacent cells, BCCH Using the SACCH on TCH, MS reports power + Rx quality , BS commands MS to adjust power ,TA

Call disconnected by MS or BS

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/31 / 2012/9/17

Subscriber Identity Module ( SIM ) SIM contains ( at least ) following information : IMSI
(International Mobile Subscriber Identification)

MCC & MNC

(Mobile Country Code and mobile Network Code)

Any other user specific information

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/32 / 2012/9/17

International Mobile Subscriber Identity ( IMSI )

NMSI

IMSI

MCC
3 digits

MNC
2 digits

MSIN

Not more than 15 digits

IMSI MCC MNC MSIN NMSI

= = = = =

International Mobile Subscriber Identity Mobile Country Code Mobile Network Code Mobile Station Identification Number National Mobile Subscriber Identity

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/33 / 2012/9/17

International Mobile Equipment Identity ( IMEI )

IMEI

TAC
6 digits

FAC
2 digits

+ SNR +
6 digits

SP
1digit

IMEI TAC FAC SNR SP

= = = = =

International Mobile Equipment Identity Type Approval Code Final Assembly Code Serial Number Spare

NOKIA

nokia.ppt/34 / 2012/9/17