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1. Chu ngha Mac Lenin va ba bo phan hp thanh -Chu ngha Mac Lenin l g? + La he thong quan iem va hoc thuyet khoa hoc cua C.Mac, Ph.Angghen va s phat trien cua V.I.Lenin; c hnh thanh va phat trien tren c s k tha nhng gia tr t tng nhan loai va tong kt thc tien thi ai.
nhan thc khoa hoc va thc tien cach mang; - La khoa hoc ve s nghiep giai phong giai cap vo san, giai phong nhan dan lao ong khoi che o ap bc, boc lot va tien ti giai phong con ngi.
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
Trit hc L b phn l lun nghin cu nhng quy lut vn ng, pht trin chung
nht ca TN, XH v t duy; xy dng TGQ v PPL chung nht cQUC KHNHn thc a nh SU TM: PHM XN K37 khoa hc v thc
KTCT nghien cu nhng quy luat kinh te cua xa hoi, ac biet la nhng quy luat kinh te cua qua trnh ra i, phat trien, suy tan cua PTSX TBCN va s ra i, phat trien cua PTSX CSCN.
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
- CNXH KH la ket qua tat nhien cua s van dung the gii quan, phng phap luan triet hoc va kinh te chnh tr Mac - Lenin vao viec nghien cu lam sang to nhng quy luat khach quan cua qua trnh cach mang XHCN.
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
2. Khai lc s ra i va phat trien cua chu ngha Mac Lenin Gom hai giai oan ln: - Giai oan hnh thanh, phat trien chu ngha Mac do Mac, ngghen thc thien
1818-1883 1820-1895
_ Giai oan bao ve, phat trien chu ngha Mac thanh chu ngha MacLenin do V.I.Lenin thc hien.
1870-1924
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
a) Nhng ieu kien, tien e cua s ra i chu ngha Mac - ieu kien kinh te - xa hoi.
+ Chu ngha Mac ra i vao nhng nam 40 cua the ky XIX. ay la thi ky PTSX TBCN cac nc Tay Au a phat trien manh me tren nen tang cua cuoc cach mang cong nghiep c thc hien trc tien nc Anh vao na cuoi the ky XVIII.
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
U MY HI NC
U MY HI NC U TIN
+ Mau thuan sau sac gia LLSX mang tnh xa hoi hoa vi QHSX mang tnh t nhan TBCN a boc lo qua cuoc
khung hoang kinh te nam 1825 va hang loat cuoc u tranh cua cong nhan chong lai CNTB, tieu bieu la: * Cuoc khi ngha cua cong nhan det Liong (Phap) nam 1831 va 1834 * Phong trao Hien chng (Anh) t nam 1838 en nam 1848 * Cuoc khi ngha cua cong nhan det Siledi (c) nam 1844.
Thc tien cach mang cua giai cap vo san nay sinh yeu cau khach quan la no phai c soi sang bang ly luan khoa hoc.
Chu ngha Mac ra i la s ap ng yeu cau khach quan o; ong thi chnh thc tien cach mang o cung tr thanh tien e thc tien cho s khai quat va phat trien ly luan ca chu ngha Mac.
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
- Tien e ly luan
Chu ngha Mac ra i xuat phat t nhu cau khach quan cua lch s va ket qua cua s ke tha tinh hoa di san ly luan cua nhan loai, trong o trc tiep nhat la: + Triet hoc co ien c, + Kinh te chnh tr co ien Anh + CNXH khong tng Phap.
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
CH NGHA MAC
TRIT HOC C
CNXH KHNG TNG PHAP KT CT HOC C ANH
Heghen (G.Hegel) va Phoibac (L.Feuerbach) a anh hng sau sac en s hnh thanh cua the gii quan va phng phap luan triet hoc cua chu ngha Mac.
Phoibc (1804-1872)
cua no la A.Xmt (A.Smith) va .Ricaco (D.Ricardo) a gop phan tch cc vao qua trnh hnh thanh quan niem duy vat ve lch s cua chu ngha Mac.
A.Smith (1723-1790)
D.Ricc (1772-1823)
phat trien lau dai va at en nh cao vao cuoi the ky th XVIII, au the ky XIX vi cac nha t tng tieu bieu la: H.Xanh Ximong (H.Saint Simon), S.Phurie (Ch.Fourier) ngi Phap va R. Ooen (R.Owen) ngi Anh
Rbt Ooen
1771-1858
Nhng thanh tu khoa hoc t nhien va la tin e, va la luan c va la nhng minh chng khang nh tnh ung an ve the gii quan va phng phap luan cua chu ngha Mac; o l: + Quy luat bao toan va chuyen hoa
gia TK XIX do Mayer, Helmholt, Faraday, Joule Lence) a chng minh ve s khong tach ri nhau, s chuyen hoa lan nhau va c bao toan cua cac hnh thc van ong cua vat chat.
Michael Faraday
+ Thuyet tien hoa ( Ra i gia TK XIX do Ch.Darwin, nha sinh vat hoc ngi Anh) a em lai c s khoa hoc ve s phat sinh, phat trien a dang bi tnh di truyen, bien d va moi lien he hu c gia cac loai thc vat, ong vat trong qua trnh chon loc t nhien. CH. DARWIN
(1809-1882)
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
+ Thuyet te bao ( Ra i nam 1839, do 2 nha sinh vat hoc ngi c la Scheidin va Schwan) a xac nh s thong nhat ve mat nguon goc, hnh thai va cau tao vat chat cua c the thc vat, ong vat va giai thch qua trnh phat trien trong moi lien he cua chung.
- Giai oan hnh thanh va phat trien chu ngha Mac do C.Mac va Angghen thc hien dien ra t nhng nam 1842, 1843 en nhng nam 1847, 1848.
-T nam 1849-1895 la qua trnh phat trien su sac, toan dien. C.Mac va Ph.Angghen a nghien cu t tng cua nhan loai tren nhieu lnh vc t thi co ai cho en xa hi ng thi e tng bc cng co, bo sung va hoan thien quan iem cua mnh.
Nhng tac pham: Ban thao kinh te triet hoc; Gia nh than thanh Luan cng ve Phoibac He t tng c a the hien ro net viec C.Mac va Ph.Angghen ke tha tinh hoa quan iem duy vat va phep bien chng cua cac bac tien boi e xay dng the gii quan duy vat bien chng va phep bien chng duy vat.
Tac pham Tuyen ngon cua ang Cong san la van kien co tnh cng lnh au tien cua chu ngha Mac.
y l c s triet hoc c the hien sac sao trong s thong nhat hu c vi cac quan iem kinh te va cac quan iem chnh tr - xa hoi.
BC LT GI TR THNG D
Bo T ban cua C.Mac cung la tac pham chu yeu va c ban trnh bay ve CNXHKH thong qua viec lam sang to quy luat hnh thanh, phat trien va diet vong tat yeu cua CNTB.
S thay the CNTB bang CNXH va s menh lch s cua giai cap cong nhan vi t cach la lc lng xa hoi thc hien s thay the ay.
c) Giai oan bao ve va phat trien chu ngha Mac - Boi canh lch s va nhu cau bao ve, phat trien chu ngha Mac.
Nhng nam cuoi the ky XIX, CNTB a phat trien sang CNQ. Ban chat boc lot cua CNTB ngay cang ro net; mau thuan gia GCTS va vo san ngay cang sau sac. Tai cac nc thuoc a, cuoc au tranh chong CNQ tao nen s thong nhat gia CMGPDT vi CMVS, gia nhan dan cac nc thuoc a vi GCCN chnh quoc. Trung tam cua cac cuoc au tranh cach mang giai oan nay la nc Nga.
Trong boi canh nh vay, nhu cau phai khai quat nhng thanh tu khoa hoc e rut ra nhng ket luan ve the gii quan va phng phap luan, thc hien cuoc au tranh e chong s xuyen tac va phat trien chu ngha Mac a c thc tien nc Nga at ra.
- Vai tro V.I.Lenin oi vi viec bao ve va phat trien chu ngha Mac
Qua trnh V.I.Lenin bao ve va phat trien chu ngha Mac co the chia thanh ba thi ky, tng ng vi ba nhu cau c ban khac nhau cua thc tien, o la: + Thi ky t 1893 en 1907 + Thi ky t 1907 en 1917 + Thi ky t sau khi Cach mang XHCN Thang Mi Nga thanh cong (1917) en khi V.I.Lenin t tran ( 21/1/1924).
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
(1894) va phe phan tnh chat duy tam va nhng sai lam nghiem trong cua phai nay khi nhan thc nhng van e lch s xa hoi, Lenin a ra nhieu t tng ve tam quan trong cua ly luan, cua thc tien va moi quan he gia ly luan va thc tien.
hoang ve the gii quan. Xuat hien nhieu t tng duy tam. Lenin a tong ket nhng thanh tu KHTN cuoi the ky XIX, au the ky XX; e viet tac pham Chu ngha duy vat va chu
Lnin a ra nh ngha ve vat chat, moi quan he gia vat chat va y thc, gia ton tai xa hoi va y thc xa hoi, nhng nguyen tac cua nhan thc, v.v V.I.Lenin a bao ve thanh cong v phat trien chu ngha Mac len mot tam cao mi.
thanh cong m ra mot thi ai mi. S kien nay lam nay sinh nhng nhu cau mi ve ly luan. Lenin a tong ket thc tien cach mang cua quan chung nhan dan, tiep tuc bao ve phep bien chng macxt, au tranh khong khoan nhng chong chu ngha chiet trung va thuyet nguy bien, ong thi phai trien chu ngha Mac ve nhan to quyet nh thang li cua mot che o xa hoi
mi
SU TM: PHM QUC KHNH XN K37
d) Chu ngha Mac Lenin va thc tien phong trao cach mang the gii:
Chu ngha Mac ra i a anh hng ln lao en phong trao cong san va cong nhan quoc te. Cuoc cach mang thang Ba nam 1871 Phap co the coi la s kiem nghiem v ai oi vi t tng cua chu ngha Mac. Lan au tien trong lch s nhan loai, mot nha nc kieu mi nha nc chuyen chnh vo san (Cong xa Pari) c thanh lap.
Thang Mi nam 1917, cuoc cach mang xa hoi chu ngha cua giai cap vo san thang li m ra mot ky nguyen mi cho nhan loai, chng minh tnh hien thc cua chu ngha Mac Lenin trong lch s.
Cng ng cac nc XHCN gm 13 nc: Mong Co, Ba Lan, Rumani, Hunggari, Viet Nam, Tiep Khac, Nam T, Anbani, Bungari, Trieu Tien, CHDC c, Trung Quoc, Cu Ba.
S kien nay a lam cho chu ngha t ban khong con la he thong duy nhat ma song song ton tai la mot he thong chnh tr xa hoi oi lap vi no ca ve ban chat va muc ch hanh ong.
Hin nay, he thong XHCN b khung hoang va ri vao giai oan thoai trao. Nhng t tng xa hoi chu ngha van ton tai tren pham vi toan cau;
quyet tam xay dng thanh cong chu ngha xa hoi van c khang nh nhieu quoc gia va chieu hng i theo con ng xa hoi chu ngha van lan rong cac nc khu vc My Latinh.
1. oi tng va muc ch cua viec hoc tap, nghien cu - oi tng cua mon hoc Nhng nguyen ly c ban cua chu ngha Mac Lenin la nhng quan iem c ban, nen tang cua chu ngha Mac Lenin trong pham vi ba bo phan ly luan cau thanh no.
+ Nam vng nhng quan iem khoa hoc, cach mang, cua chu ngha Mac Lenin; + Hieu ro c s ly luan cua t tng Ho Ch Minh, ng loi cach mang cua ang CSVN, nen tang t tng cua ang; + Xay dng the gii quan, phng phap luan khoa hoc, nhan sinh quan cach mang, xay dng niem tin va ly tng cach mang; + Van dung sang tao no trong hoat ong nhan thc va thc tien, trong ren luyen va tu dng ao c, cua con ngi Viet Nam xay dng thanh cong chu ngha xa hoi.
2. Mot so yeu cau c ban ve phng phap hoc tap, nghien cu -Th nhat, Hoc tap, nghien cu nhng nguyen ly c ban cua chu ngha Mac Lenin can phai hieu ung tinh than, thc chat cua no; chong xu hng kinh vien, giao ieu.
iem khac, cac bo phan cau thanh khac e thay s thong nhat trong tnh a dang va nhat quan cua moi t tng noi rieng, cua toan bo chu ngha Mac Lenin noi chung.
-Th ba, Phai gan nhng luan iem cua chu ngha Mac
Lenin vi thc tien cach mang Viet nam va thc tien thi ai e thay s van dung sang tao ma Chu tch Ho Ch Minh va ang Cong san Viet Nam a thc hien trong tng giai oan lch s.
phai la qua trnh giao duc, t giao duc, tu dng va ren luyen e tng bc hoan thien mnh trong i song ca nhan cung nh trong i song cong ong xa hoi.
thong ly luan khep kn, ma la he thong ly luan khong ngng phat trien tren c s phat trien cua thc tien thi ai;
V vay, qua trnh hoc tap, nghien cu nhng nguyen ly c ban cua chu ngha Mac Lenin ong thi cung phai la qua trnh tong ket, uc ket kinh nghiem e gop phan phat trien tnh khoa hoc va tnh nhan van von co cua no;