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English for Chemist

Lesson 8

GV: Chu Nht Bng Trng H B Ra Vng Tu

Adverbial clauses An adverbial clause is a dependent clause introduced by an adverbial subordinator. It is used to modify the verb of the independent clause and tells when(time), where (place), why (reason), for that purpose, how, how far or how long, concession (unexpected result) and direct opposition. Example: - Because it is raining - So that we can easier study new words
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Time clause Time clause tells when the action described by the independent clause verb took place. Example: - Everyone should know what to do when an earthquake strikes. - Try to stay calm while the earthquake is happening. - If you are inside, move away from the windows, and get under a desk or a table as soon as you feel the floor begin to shake.
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Adverbial subordinators When: a point in time/ short duration While: at the same time/ longer duration Whenever: at any time As soon as: immediately after the time that After: following the time that Before: earlier the time that Until: up to the time of .
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Place clause An adverbial place clause tells where the action described by the by the main verb took place. Example: - People prefer to shop where credit cards are accepted. - You can not use credit cards everywhere you shop.

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Place Subordinators Where: a definite place Anywhere: anyplace Wherever: anyplace Everywhere: everyplace

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Manner, Distance and Frequency Clauses

Adverbial clauses of manner answer the question How? Adverbial clauses of distance answer the question How far? Adverbial clauses of frequency answer the question How often?

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Examples -Students completed the test as quickly as the could. -Jen jogs on the beach as far as she can. -She jogs on the beach as often as she can. - He spoke as if (as though) he was the president. -People want to move as far as they can from polluted cities. -The public must conserve energy as the president has requested.
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Reason clauses Adverbial reason clauses answer the question why? A reason clauses is introduced by the subordinators because, since and as Example - Since electricity is expensive, people buy energy-saving household appliances. - Vietnamese are uses to conserving because they experienced hardship and deprivation during the war.
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Purpose clauses States the purpose of the action in the independent clause. Be introduced by subordinators: so that, in order that Farmars use chemical pesticides so that they can grow bigger harvests. Chemicals are used in many food products in oder that they will stay fresh longer.

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Concession clauses Adverbial clauses of concession are used to express ideas or actions that are not expected. Be introduced by the subordinators although, even though and though Example - Althogh I studied all night, I failed the test. - I failed the test though I studied all night.

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Suffixes -ical : musical, magical, chemical, logical, economical, -ary: revolutionary, reactionary, contemporary, -ate: separate, affectionate, passionate,. -ent: dependent, intelligent, patient,. -ous or -ious: enormous, gorgeous, serious, -ive: explosive, administrative, intensive,.

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Pronunciation The secret sound in English :

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Pronunciation R at the beginning of words

Rock Rip Reach Road Rain Rich Rome Raise Robe Rice

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Pronunciation R at the end of words or after a vowel

Car Far Star Door Bear Four Air Year Turn Poor

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Pronunciation R in the middle of words Very Direction Arrange Erase Correct Marry Garage Original
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Pronunciation Hurry Zero Marine Berry Operation Caring Arrive Everyone

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