ACCREDITED WITH

B++ BY

NAAC I S O : 2008-2009

INDEX
TOPI C COVERED
CONCEPT OF DISASTER TYPES OF DISASTER CONCEPT OF DISASTER

MANAGEMENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYC LE SUMMARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

Natural disaster are those which are caused by natural process. The important natural disaster are EARTHQUAKE, DROUGHT, FLOODS, CYCLONES, LANDSLIDE. Natural disaster are the result of the earth movement or dimatic change. The natural disaster are becoming increasingly significant both in terms of number and magnitude of impact

EARTHQUAKE TSUNAMI CYCLONES FLOODS DROUGHT

EARTHQUAKE
Any sudden change of the earths crust due to the natural cause which produce shaking or trembling is known as EARTHQUAKE.

HOW DOES IT OCCURS ?

The earth crust has several tectonic plates of solid rocks which slowly move along their boundaries . These plates float on softer rocks below. When friction prevent these plates slipping, stress build up and result a sudden fractures, which can occur along the boundaries of the plates or fault within the plates. This build up the energy and pressure. Thus there are violent and short term vibration on the earth's surface, which is called as EARTHQUAKE

causes of EARTHQUAKE
1. TECNOTIC OCCURANCE 2. VOLCANIC ERUPTION. 3. ISOSTATIC ADJUSTMENT. 4. SURFACE WEAKNESS. 5. ELASTIC REBOUND HYPOTHESIS. 6. ACTIVITIES OF MAN 7. LOCAL CAUSES

TSUNAMI
Tsunami or seimic sea waves, are large ocean waves. These waves are destructive waves that sweep in that form of ocean like huge tide. They are named after Japanese word Tsunami which means storm wave.

cyclone
When there is low pressure area at the centre, the wind is spirally moving in the towards low pressure on the surrounding sides. thus cyclones are the stormy whether condition with violent whirl of wind and clouds over the ocean or sea, arising out of sudden development of low pressure area. They are characterized by strong winds, rains, and high storm tides

Floods.
When lot of water with a great speed spread over the large area, it is called as the FLOOD. Generally floods occur due to natural causes but man made changes to the earths surface are also responsible for floods, that is why floods have increased in recent decades.

Causes of Floods.
Natural causes : 1. Due to excessive rainfall 2. Due to rapid melting of snow, water is aded to river, 3. Due to sudden and heavy rainfall by cyclones. 4. Due to silting of the river, the water level in the river in creases and water spreads in the surrounding area

MAN MADE causes : URBANISATION DEFORESTATION

DROUGHT
Drought is the condition of dryness due to low rainfall over long period of time. It is generally associated with semi-arid or desert condition but it can also occur in an area that receives inadequate rainfall. There is lack of water to satisfy the natural human needs for agriculture, industry or human population.

Causes of drought.
Overgrazing
DEFORESTATION Seasonal shift in wind direction Irregularities in rainfall Over drawing surface water

migration
The term MIGRATION refers to the change of the current place to the other place in search of the jobs. The migration may be from rural to urban or from urban to rural The drought in Rajasthan have affected live hood of people due to loss of crop and livestock. The people along with their cattle have started migrating from southern Rajasthan to western Rajasthan as the fodder and drinking water are becoming scarce. People have started migrating neighboring states of Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana in search of labour.

Man made disaster refers top the disaster made by the human being which affect the human being itself. The disaster may be BLASTING, OIL B SPILLS, INDUSTRIAL DISASTER ETC. these are the some of the types of the MAN MADE DISASTER. In the modern world the man made disaster had reach the great extent which is very dangerous to the environment as well as the human being.

Nuclear accidents
An alternative source of energy was developed by man as nuclear energy. It is clean source of energy and more powerful than fossil fuel. It has been estimated that only one ton of uranium produces energy equivalent to five million tones of coals. But the nuclear energy instead of proving to be advantageous to the mankind became dangerous.

Oil spills and leakages

The most spectacular causes of oil pollution occurs due to the supertankers who carry oil form one country to the another by water transport. many other ships also spill oil. The oil leakage occurs due to following reason. 1.leakage from underground tank 2.improper discharge of lubricating oil; 3.the leakage of oil during loading and unloading of oil tankers. 4. run off oil from the tankar accident on the road.

Consequences
when oil is spilled on the sea or ocean, it spread over the surface of the earth, to forma thin film called an oil silk. The thickness of the film and rate of spreading's depend on the sea temperature, ocean currents, winds etc. they affect the factor such as , BIRD, FISH, MARINE PLANTS, GROUND WATER, PLANTS ETC.

INDUSTRIAL DISASTER
WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES AND INCREASING POPULATION AND THE ACCIDENTS OF INDUSTRIES LIKE FIRE, LEAKAG E OF GAS, LEAKAGE OF CHEMICAL ETC. HAVE BECOME COMMON. THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY ARE MORE PRONE TO INDUSTRIAL DISASTER. MOST OF THE ACCIDENTS OCCURS DUE TO UNSAFE CONDITION. THE CAUSEAS OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS THAT PERTAIN TO UNSAFE CONDITION ARE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE WORKSPACE OR WITHIN THE ENVIRONMENT.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The disaster occurs suddenly and swiftly and consequently cause severe damage to the living being, society and surrounding environment. Since disaster are sudden movement, we cannot prevent from occurring but their impact can be minimized with better management. The degree of disaster is not decided by single characteristics but by the great mass character of spread, duration and intensity of phenomenon. the disaster management include planning for disaster preparedness based on appraisal of the magnitude of the risk in the past and those anticipated in future.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT cycle

Disaster management aims to reduce, avoid, the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victim of disaster and achieve rapid and effective recovery. The disaster management cycle illustrates on being process by which government businessman and civil society plan for and reduce the impact of disaster react during the immediately following a disaster and take steps to recover the disaster occurred . There are three aspect

PRE-DISASTER MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT DURING DISASTER POST DISASTER MANAGEMENT

, ,

PRE-DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Pre-disaster management should involve the mobilasation and education of people in disaster prone area, which can be carried in following way :1. Warning and publi information. 2. Public awarness and training. 3. prediction of disaster prone areas.

post-DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Post-disaster management zis very important because it is indirectly pre-disaster management. If post disaster management is proper, the disaster managagement is not require because there will not be any disaster in future. The following are the aspect of management 1. Preventive measures. 2. Rehabiliation programe. 3. Development of disaster management centre.

In the presentation we found the detail knowledge of the DISASTER. It include the meaning, and the types of the disaster. It include the different types of natural disaster and man made disaster. we also found the many consequences of the disaster.
We also found the management done to stop and avoid disaster. The presentation also contain the methods of managing disaster. This was the presentation made on the disaster and the management done for the disaster.