* Mc ch :

- To ra hn hp khng ng nht tng i ng u t cc th tch lng, kh rn c tnh cht thnh phn khc nhau : dung dch, nh tng, huyn ph - Tng cng hiu qu ca qu trnh cng ngh : trao i nhit, chuyn khi

v cc qu trnh ha hc

* Phng php :

Bm tun han Sc kh

C 4 phng php ch yu

C kh (dng cnh khuy) ng ha

PHNG PHP
1) Bm tun hon :

- Kh nng lu chuyn V ln (>5 m3)

- Phc tp v thit b - Kh nng ng u ph thuc s ln tun hon - Ci tin : b sung on ng khuy trn

2) Sc kh : - Khng c hin tng n mn - Khng s dng cho dung dch d bay hi v c hi - Ph hp vi cc din tch cn x l ln

Clip m t phng php sc kh ti 1 b aerotank

3) C kh (dng cnh khuy) - Dng vi th tch V nh ( < 5m3) - Thch hp dng nhiu bnh khuy nh

4) ng ha : - To hn hp ng nht t nhng thnh phn kh ha trn vo nhau - Nguyn tc : to s gim p sut t ngt bng cch y cht lng qua nhng khe hp (p sut gim t 152 kg/cm2 xung cn 2-3kg/cm2). Bm p sut cao

Khe gim p

Vng cha cht lng

Hn hp du v nc

H nh tng

Qu trnh ng ha

* Cc ch tiu c bn nh gi qu trnh khuy : - Mc khuy trn : s phn b tng h ca hai hoc nhiu cht sau khi khuy - Loi cnh khuy, thi gian khuy

S vng quay n ca cnh khuy

- Cng khuy trn :

Vn tc vng v u cnh khuy

Cng sut khuy trn Chun s Rek c trng cho qu trnh khuy

- Hiu qu khuy trn : thit b c xem l hiu qu khi n t yu cu cng ngh ra vi hao ph nng lng l ti thiu

THIT B KHUY C HC

* Cc b phn ca thit b khuy : - C cu khuy (cnh khuy) - Trc khuy - C cu truyn ng - ng c

C cu khuy nhanh : tuabin, a, I. C cu khuy : C cu khuy chm : m neo, khung,

Nhn chung, c cu khuy nhanh thng c c dng khuy trn cht lng c nht thp v c cu khuy chm thng c dng cho cht lng c nht cao.

* Cc loi cnh khuy : 1) Mi cho :

- Dng vi thng khuy c kch thc ln

- Khng thch hp vi cht lng c b dy ln - Lc ma st ln , khng thch hp vi dung dch c nht cao ( > 1cP 20 C)

2) Chn vt : - Cnh cong, hn nghin v chuyn ng theo phng dc trc - Thun tin vi lp cht lng dy - Thch hp i vi cht lng c nht cao

3) Tuc bin
- Chi ph nng lng cao - Cng lc to c 2 dng chy khc nhau

- Tuabin kn : c cu to nh tuabin h nhng c thm vng nh hng bn ngoi gip tng chuyn ng theo hng knh

* nh hng ca cc dng chuyn ng ln hiu qu khuy trn :

- Dng chuyn ng theo phng chiu trc (ln xung) thch hp cho
qu trnh ha tan ca cht rn - Dng chuyn ng theo phng bn knh (qua li) thch hp cho qu trnh ha trn kh lng hoc lng lng

* Lm xoy : - Lc ly tm y cht lng v to lm xoy, bt kh b ht vo trong + Bt kh va p vo cnh khuy, + To s phn lp

Re k
dk : ng knh cnh khuy

n.d k2 .

n : tc quay ca cnh khuy

( Nu Re > 300 c th sinh ra lm xoy ) Hin tng lm xoy lm mt mt nng lng ca h, lm gim hiu sut hot ng v gy ra s va p thy lc c hi cho thit b

* Cc phng php trnh lm xoy :

a) t tm chn : - Kh nng ph lm xoy l 100% - Cng sut tiu th ln b) t lch tm cnh khuy : - Xem thnh bnh l tm chn

- H phn b khng u (ch ph hp vi V < 5m3)

c) t ng tun hon : - Hn ch phm vi tc dng ca lm xoy - To dng tun hon

* Xc nh bn knh tc dng ca cnh khuy : Cng thc thc nghim :

747.N R 0,15.a. 0,0211.

N : cng sut khuy trn (kW) : nht dung dch khuy (cP)

H s a theo cnh khuy v v tr V tr cnh khuy

ng tm 0,5 Lch tm 0,15

Lai cnh khuy Chn vt

Tuc bin

0,2

0,3

II. Trc khuy :

- L b phn truyn chuyn ng trc tip cho c cu khuy

Trc c : thng lm bng thp cacbon - C 2 loi : Trc rng : thng lm bng kim loi qu

- Trc rng thng s dng trong mi trng c tnh n mn mnh - bn un v xon ca 2 loi trc l tng ng nhau

III. B truyn ng : Truyn ng ai - C 2 loi : Truyn ng bnh rng

- Truyn ng ai : s vng quay cnh khuy nh (500-1000 rpm), t s

truyn < 10 v hiu sut truyn ng khong 0,92 0,98 - Truyn ng bnh rng : c cu gn nhng n ln, s vng quay cnh khuy ln, t s truyn a dng (4 - 72)

IV. ng c : - ng c in : kt cu n gin, chi ph vn hnh thp, vic thay i s vng quay phc tp, thch hp vi cng sut nh v trung bnh

- ng c thy lc/kh : c cu truyn ng n gin, chnh s vng

quay d dng , chi ph vn hnh ln, thng c s dng trong mi trng d chy n

Cc bc thit k h thng khuy

* Xc nh thng s hnh hc ca bnh khuy : Ho / H 60 70%

dk : ng knh cnh khuy

(dk = 1/2 - 1/3 D) h : khong cch t cnh khuy ti y (h = 1/4 1/5 Ho) D dk h Ho H

* Chn lai cnh khuy : - Ph thuc vo thng khuy, lai dung dch cn khuy, yu cu khuy

* Tnh s vng quay n ca cnh khuy : (c 2 phng php) a) Theo cng thc :

20.vTH dk

(rps)

vTH : vn tc thch hp u cnh khuy (m/s) Lai cnh Mi cho Chn vt (Pa.s) 0,001 0,5 0,5 3 0,001 0,1 0,1 0,4 0,001 5 5 -15 15 25 0,001 5 5 15 15 25 25 40 vTH (m/s) 3 -2 1,2 1 16 10 10 3,8 12 7,5 7,5 5,2 5,2 3,5 10 7 75 5 3,5 3,5 2,5

Turbin h

Turbin kn

b) Theo m hnh :

M hnh

Thc t

Re k

2 nM .d M .

nTT

= f (nM)

Rek < 20

nTT= nM

20 Rek 7.10^4

nTT nM .(

d M 6 / 11 ) dTT

Rek 7.10^4

dM 2 / 3 nTT nM .( ) dTT

* Xc nh thi gian khuy :

. n = K (const)

thi gian khuy

s vng quay

a) Theo kinh nghim :

K = C . (D/d)^2

C
Lai cnh khuy
Khng c tm chn Mi cho Chn vt Turbin h Turbin kn 35 17 90 65 C tm chn 9,9 10 6,2 5,1

b) Theo cc phng trnh thc nghim : - Chn vt : Rek 10^6 K = 2000 . Rek ^(-0,5) Rek 2.10^4 K = 8,77

- Turbin h :

1 Rek 100
100 Rek 1000

K 3.D ( a 0,5) .Ho.h a .b 0,5 .d k

1, 5

K 3.D

( a 0,5)

.Ho.h .b

0,5

.d k

1, 5

. Re 1 k

( a = 0,25 . (Ho/D 1) , b : b dy cnh khuy) - Cng thc tng qut :

D 5/3 1, 3 K 6,7.( ) .K N dk
h s cng sut khuy

* Xc nh cng sut khuy :

N K N .n .d .
3 5
(W) (m)
(kg/m3)

cu to cnh khuy

KN : chun s cng sut khuy

nht v nhit dung dch s vng quay ca cnh khuy

K N A. Re .Frk
m k

1) Rek < 20 : m = -1 ; p = 0

2) Tra th

3) C 2 trng hp : a) Khng c lm xoy : m 0 ; p = 0 b) C lm xoy : m = 0 ; p = (a lgRek)/b

Lai cnh khuy

D/d
2,1 2,7 3,0 3,3 4,5

a
2,6 2,3 2,1 1,7 0

b
18 18 18 18 18

Chn vt

Turbin

3,3 3,0

1 1

4 4

A, m tra bng VI.1 (p616) - s tay tp 1

* H s hiu chnh cng sut khuy :

KNTT = KN . f
- Mi cho : D/d = 2,5 4 ; Ho/D = 0,6 1,6 h/d = 1/5 1/3

D 1,1 Ho 0, 6 4h 0,3 f ( ) .( ) .( ) 3d d d
- Chn vt :

D 0,93 Ho 0, 6 f ( ) .( ) 3d D
Tham kho thm ton ca Erdmeng, Ndhact (hnh IV.14, p618, st1)

* Xc nh KN theo thc nghim :

a) Cng thc Buiche : Rek < 20 : KN = A/Rek 30 < Rek < 7.10^4 : KN = A.Rek ^(-1/4) b) Cng thc Romankol : (dng cho chn vt mi cho, D/d =H0/d =3) Rek < 50 : KN = 230.Rek^(-1,67) Rek > 50 : KN = 0,845.Rek^(-0,75) c) Cng thc Kafarob

Rek < 50 : KN = 160 / Rek

50 < Rek < 5.10^4 : KN = 160 / Rek^(0,135) Rek > 5.10^4 : KN = 1,7

* Xc nh KN theo trng vn tc : a) Xc nh hm 1 = f (E, D/d)

E
h s ma st

k .Z k . Re k
0 , 25

h s cha y dung dch trong thng

( = 8.(Ho/ D) + 1 )

s cnh khuy c trn trc khuy

Lai cnh khuy

Mi cho Mi cho 3 cnh Mi cho 6 cnh Chn vt Turbin h Turbin kn

D/d
1,5 2,5 36 24 36 36 36

k
0,88 0.56 3 23,5 8,4 4,2

b) Xc nh 2 :

2 = - 1 2.1
- Quay nhanh : 1 = 0,5 ; 2 = 1,25

- Quay chm : Hnh 3.25 trang 126 (Khuay - lang loc)

c) Xc nh KN - Khng c tm chn :

KN = 4 . k . K1 K1 = 0,1. (1)^2 + 0,222 . 1 . 2 + 0,125 . (2)^2

- C tm chn :

KN = 4 . k . Kp . Zk Kp = f (p)

D p 2.( D / d ).Z p .hp . .Z .D . ln D 2Bp

1 k 1 k 1

s tm chn

chiu cao tm chn

b rng tm chn

* Cng sut khi ng

N khi ng = N1 + N2

cng sut khuy

cng sut thng lc qun tnh

N 2 0,79.a.n .d .
3 5
(a = b/d)

N ng c = N khi ng /
( = 0,6 0,8)