Chapter 2.

Rotating Field Theory

Freshman Seminar at CMD Lab

Jongwon Choi Feb 3, 2012

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Contents
2.1 Construction of Rotating Field 2.2 Change of Coordinates

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2.1 Construction of Rotating Field

In AC machines, winding are distributed to produce a rotating magnetic field by a polyphase AC source
The flux, voltage, and current of a three phase system are represented as vector in the complex plane The direction of the current is the same as the direction of mmf
b-axis
c` a b`

b a
a-axis
c

c-axis

a`

c
(b)

(a)

Phase windings are separated by 120o.

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2.1 Construction of Rotating Field

The a phase stator winding consisting of four pairs

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2.1 Construction of Rotating Field

if q=1

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2.1 Construction of Rotating Field

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2.1 Construction of Rotating Field

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2.1 Construction of Rotating Field

2.1.3 High order space harmonics
In practice, both coil distribution and current have high - order harmonics In this section, MMF harmonics are considered for a non sinusoidal coil distribution

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

The best way to construct a mapping rule
Balanced means the component sum is equal to zero Therefore, this makes a constraint among three variable Three variable have only two degrees of freedom and can be mapped into a complex plan The best way to construct a mapping rule is to visualize the flux vector in cross section of motor (the real flux vector)

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

2.2.1 Mapping into the stationary plan
For a vector f =[fa, fb, fc]T, we define a map from R3 into C

It is worthwhile to note that the direction of the current sum vector is identical to the direction of fs in the complex plane The direction of fs is the same as the flux(current) vector in the cross sectional plane of a motor

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

2.2.1 Mapping into the stationary plan
The inverse map is obtained as
Re(fs) = fa Re(ej4pi/3 fs) = fb Re(ej2pi/3 fs) = fc

Consider a three phase current with 5th order harmonics Similarly, consider a three phase current with 7th order harmonics

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

2.2.2 Mapping into the rotating (synchronous) frame

Mapping into the rotating frame

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

2.2.2 Mapping into the rotating (synchronous) frame
Complex Variable

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

2.2.3 Formulation via matrices
Transformation into the stationary and the rotating frames can be manipulated by matrix operations Two steps
In Stationary d-q axes

In Synchronous d-q axes

T()
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T(0)

2.2 Change of Coordinates

Step1
abc dq (Stationary)

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

Step2
dq stationary dq synchronous (Exciting Frame)

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

2.2.4 Transformation of impedance matrices
Resistance
The resistor is a scalar so it is invariant under the coordinate change

Inductance

That is the similarity transformation

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2.2 Change of Coordinates

2.2.5 Power relations
In the three phase system, power is defined as the sum of individual phase powers The voltage and current vector are denoted by vabc=[va, vb, vc]T and vabc=[ia, ib, ic]T

In the above calculation, we use them

T-1 = 3/2 TT vo = 0 or io = 0
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End

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