Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1776 Alessandro Volta: produo de gs combustvel a partir de vegetais em decomposio 1936 - Barker, H.A. Studies upon the methane-producing bacteria. Arch. Mikrobiol., 7:420438. Carl Woese estudo comparativo do rRNA de uma metanognica com outras bactrias: NO bactria! R.S. Wolfe Bioqumica das metanognicas: vias desconhecidas em outras bactrias
Woese Anlise do rRNA de 16 metanognicas: mesmos resultados Estudos com bactrias haloflicas e/ou termfilas Outros achados relevantes: Paredes celulares desprovidas de peptideoglicano Membranas com lipdeos exclusivos Maquinaria informacional semelhante a de eucariotos RNA polimerase, ribossomos, etc.
Dcada de 70: Arqueobactrias Metanognicas - ambientes inspitos Temperatura, pH, O2 Ancestrais bacterianos
Woese, C. R. & Fox, G.E. (1977) Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: The primary kingdoms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 74:5088-5090.
Archaea: Evolution, Physiology, and Molecular Biology Roger A. Garrett and Hans-Peter Klenk, 2007, Blackwell Publishing
Although many books and articles still refer to them as Archaebacteria, that term has been abandoned because they aren't bacteria -- they're Archaea.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaea.html
Thaumarchaeota Nanoarchaeota
Boucher & Doolittle (2002) Nature, 417:27-28 Huber et al. (2002) Nature, 417:63-67.
Brochier-Armanet, C.; Boussau, B.; Gribaldo, S.; Forterre, P. (2008) Mesophilic crenarchaeota: proposal for a third archaeal phylum, the Thaumarchaeota. Nature Rev. Microbiol., 6:245-252. Nanoarchaeota: Islndia, fendas a 90C Ignicoccus e Nanoarchaeum
Morfologia de archaeas
Stoeckenius, W. (1981) Walsby's square bacterium: fine structure of an orthogonal procaryote. J. Bacteriol., 148:352-360.
Procariotos Parede Celular Membrana citoplasmtica Cromossomo Ribossomos 70S Processos centrais
Albers et al. Nature Reviews Microbiology advance online publication; published online 06 June 2006 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1440
a) Cell envelope of Sulfolobus solfataricus showing the cytoplasmic membrane, with membranespanning tetraether lipids and an S-layer composed of two proteins a surface-covering protein (red oval) and a membrane-anchoring protein (yellow oblong). b) Cell envelope of an archaeon that stains positive with the Gram stain and that contains a pseudomurein layer in addition to the S-layer. The cytoplasmic membrane is composed of diether lipids.
Estruturas de Membrana Topo fosfolipdeos de Archaea: 1 cadeia de isopreno, 2 lig. ter, 3 Lglicerol, 4 gp fosfato. Centro fosfolipdeo de Bacteria e Eukarya: 5 c. graxo, 6 lig. ster, 7 D-glicerol, 8 gp fosfato. Base: 9 bicamada lipdica de B e E, 10 monocamada lipdica de A.
Flagelos
Nther, D.J.; Rachel, R.; Wanner, G.; Wirth, R. (2006) Flagella of Pyrococcus furiosus: multifunctional organelles, made for swimming, adhesion to various surfaces, and cell-cell contacts. J. Bacteriol., 188:6915-6923.
Biofilmes
Vrus de Archaea
Ecologia de Archaea
Extremfilos Temperatura pH Salinidade Presso No extremfilos Oceanos, Solos, Lagoas, Pntanos, Rmen, Intestino, Cavidade oral, Ambiente
Salinidade e pH
Mormile et al., (2003) Isolation of Halobacterium salinarum retrieved directly from halite brine inclusions. Environ. Microbiol., 5:1094 1102.
Fig. 1. Fluid brine inclusions from a positive control halite crystal (A), halite crystal sampled from 8 m depth (B), halite crystal sampled from 85 m depth (C) and a negative control halite crystal (D).
Fenda hidrotermal - Archaea Methanococcus jannaschii 2.600 metros, a mais de 100C, sob presso elevadssima/
Kashefi, K. & Lovley, D.R. (2003) Extending the upper temperature limit for life. Science, 301, 934.
Cowan, D.A. (2004) The upper temperature for life where do we draw the line? Trends Microbiol., 12:58-60.
Takai, K.; Nakamura, K.; Toki, T.; Tsunogai, U.; Miyazaki, M.; Miyazaki, J.; Hirayama, H.; Nakagawa, S.; Nunoura, T.; Horikoshi, K. (2008) Cell proliferation at 122C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105:1094910954.
Extremos de pH
Extremfilos campees
Mina na Montanha de Ferro - Califrnia
GNN 06/02/04
A gua encontra-se a 50C e apresenta um altssimo teor de arsnico, zinco e cobre, como se fosse um cido de bateria. Os organismos se encontram em biofilmes rosas que biam na gua, mantendo os organismos em contato com o ar e com a gua, para coletarem os nutrientes. A populao coletada corresponde a uma mistura de bactrias e archaeas (Leptospirillum, Ferroplasma).
Archaea em oceanos
Piar et al., (2001) Archaeal communities in two disparate deteriorated ancient wall paintings: detection, identification and temporal monitoring by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 37:45-54. Kulik et al., (2001) Identification of archaeal rDNA from subgingival dental plaque by PCR amplification and sequence analysis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 196:129-133. Lepp, P.W.; Brinig, M.M.; Ouverney, C.O.; Palm, K.; Armitage, G.C.; Relman, D.A. (2004) Methanogenic archaea and human periodontal disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101: 6176-6181. Vianna, M.E.; Conrads, G.; Gomes, B.P.F.A.; Horz, H.P. (2006). Identification and quantification of qrchaea involved in primary endodontic infections. J. Clin. Microbiol., 44:1274-1282.
Rmen Biofilmes
Interaes metablicas de Archaea metanognicas (verde) com bactrias oxidantes de propionato (vermelho), aceleram a degradao do lodo.
Davey, M.E. & OToole, G.A. (2000) Microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 64:847-867.