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American Journal Of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics (Volume139, Number 1, January 2011)
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CONTENTS
1. RESIDENTS JOURNAL REVIEW 2. POINT / COUNTERPOINT 3. SPECIAL ARTICLE 4. ONLINE ONLY 5. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 6. ORIGINAL ARTICLES 7. CASE REPORTS 8. CLINICIANS CORNER 9. TECHNO BYTES 10. ABO
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Success Of Maxillary Canine Auto Transplantation: A Retrospective Investigation (by Patel et al, EJO-2010; e-pub)
&
success rate after auto transplantation of maxillary permanent canine with closed apices.
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THE RESULTS: low complete success rate but can have a favorable survival rate over a long term.
The technique should be considered as an interim measure to maintain bone level before placement of
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Systematic Review Of Intraoral Splints For Treating TMD (by Fricton et al, J Orofac Pain
2010;24:237-54)
THE AIM OF REVIEW & META-ANALYSIS: Was to assess the efficacy of intra oral orthopedic appliance to
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CONCLUSION :
Hard stabilization of TMD appliances pain when when adjusted with properly have good evidence of modest efficacy in treatment compared nonocculding appliance and no treatment.
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Effects of facemask therapy on profile change in class III subjects (Kilic N et al, EJO 2010;32:41924)
THE RESULTS:
Significantly greater anterior movement in maxilla, upper lip, & superior sulcus, with greater
CONCLUSION:
Concave facial profile of the subjects were corrected by anterior movement in maxilla resulting in increased fullness of upper lip. The concave skeletal profile were corrected by backward and downward rotation of the mandible.
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THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to test the hypothesis that the transverse dimensional change in patients with a skeletal class III malocclusion undergoing surgicalorthodontic treatment with a phase of preoperative orthodontic were the same as without preoperative orthodontics treatment.
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CONCLUSIONS: 1. Changes in molar and canine inclination showed buccal tilting of the mandibular molars and
maxillary
canines
and
lingual
tilting
of
the
maxillary molars and mandibular canines. 2. Inclination changes of canines and molars
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Randomized Orthodontic
2010;32:542-7)
THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to use randomized controlled trial methodology to evaluate and compare 3 retention methods. 1. A vacuum-formed retainer in the maxilla and
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2. A vacuum formed retainer in maxilla combined with stripping of the 10 interproximal surfaces of mandibular anterior teeth( group V-S). 3. A prefabricated positioner covering the teeth in maxilla and mandible (group P) CONCLUSION: After 1 year retention, all 3 retention methods were successful in retaining the orthodontic treatment
results.
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2. POINT/COUNTERPOINT
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Relationship Between Occlusion And Temporomandibular Disorders: Implication For The Gnathologist (Rudolf Slavicek, AJO-DO
2011;139:10-6)
Biological direction.
system
is
an
open
system
with
time
Processes in biological system are irreversible. A major aspect of open system is that all interventions are irreversible.
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The resulting abrasion favors the required protrusive advancement of the mandible.
First premolar is the most important preparatory basis for the final dynamics of lateral, retrusive, and
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During the maturation of dentition, the position of mandible is determined 3-dimensionally by the
occlusion of teeth.
management)?????
What
is
the
role
occlusion
in
coping
with
the
stress?????
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Relationship Implications
Between For
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should of
about discs in
internal growing
derangements
4. They should try to finish treatment with the TMJ in a reasonable & biological acceptable retruded position.
5.Orthodontists
should
screen
their
patients
for
6. Orthodontists need to say NO to their referring dentist and to the TMD patients they send to you for
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3. SPECIAL ARTICLE
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Survey Of Orthodontics Residency Programs: Teaching About Occlusion, Temporomandibular Disorders In Joints, And
Temporomandibular
Postgraduate
Curricula (John Stockstill et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:17-23) INTRODUCTION: Teaching orthodontic postgraduate students about occlusion and TMJ is a fundamental component of their education, but faculty member confronted with disputes and controversies about these topics.
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The purpose of this study was to ascertain where the orthodontic teaching community currently stands on the topics of occlusion, TMJ, and temporomandibular disorder. Methods: A 46-question survey was sent to every orthodontic program director in the USA & Canada. Results: Three interrelated topics are being taught in diverse ways in these postgraduates orthodontic programs.
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Lip Pressure At Rest And During Function In A 2 Group Of Patients With Different Occlusions
(Domizia et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:e1-e6) INTRODUCTION : Of the forces from soft tissues, those
swallowing.
THE AIM OF THE STUDY : To measure upper lip pressure at rest and during swallowing in 2 group of
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CONCLUSIONS: In healthy patients 1. Upper lip pressure does not change at rest and during swallowing. 2. Upper lip pressure was similar in the 2 groups (Class I, 24.33 g/cm2 ; Class II, 24.61 g/cm2). 3. Lip pressure was higher in adults than in young subjects. further studies need to measure the pressure of lower lip.
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Electron- Beam Irradiation Of Polymer Bracket Materials (Andreas et al, AJO-DO 2011; 139:e7-e11)
INTRODUCTION: Electron beam irradiation can be used
D network is formed.
CONCLUSIONS: Electron beam post-curing improved Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of polymer
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with
sufficient not be
hardness improved
and with
could
electron-beam post-curing.
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Integration of parts in the facial skeleton and cervical vertebrae (Brendan et al, AJO-DO
2011;139:e13-e30) INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to
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METHODS:
Lateral radiograph of 61 adolescents of both sexes without major malocclusion were digitized and marked by using continuous outline spline curve for 8 defined parts in the facial skeleton, including the cervical vertebrae. Individual part variation was analyzed by using principal components analysis, and paired part covariation was analyzed by using 2- block partial least square analysis in 2 models: relative size, position, and shape only.
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CONCLUSION
The integration of shape of parts in the facial skeleton and cervical vertebrae is weak; it is the
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Mechanical Effects Of Third-order Movement In Selfligated Brackets By The Measurement Of Torque Expression (Thomas et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:e31-e44.)
INTRODUCTION: Axial rotation of orthodontic wire produces buccal or lingual root movement and is often referred to as third-order movement or torque
expression.
THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to quantify torque expression in 3 self-ligation bracket system.
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CONCLUSION: Generally, In-ovation expressed the most torque at a given angle of twist, followed by Damon and then Speed.
However , there was no significant difference between bracket below 34 Nmm of torque.
From clinical perspective, the torque plays between brackets were virtually indistinguishable.
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Treatment Of Posterior Cross Bite Comparing 2 Appliance: A Community-based Trial (Fabina et al,
AJO-DO 2011; 139:e45-e52)
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this community-based trial
RESULTS: 1. The length of treatment and cost were higher in expansion group than quad helix group. 2. The success rate were similar for the quad helix and the expansion plate groups.
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shorter and 11% less expensive than in quad-helix group, making it the more cost effective choice for treatment.
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Effects
Of
Analgesic
On
Pain
effectiveness
of
analgesics(ibuprofen,
naproxen
sodium & acetaminophen) and a placebo administered before and after the placement of separators in
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Three dimensional modeling and finite element analysis in treatment planning for orthodontic tooth movement (Hussein et al, AJO-DO 2011;
139:e59-e71)
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Drift Characteristics Of Miniscrews And Molars For Anchorage Under Orthodontic Force: 3dimensional Computed Tomography Registration Evaluation (Hong et al, AJO-DO
2011;139:e83-e89)
INTRODUCTION: Although miniscrews have been used as absolute anchorage for a long time, their behavior under orthodontic loading is still unclear clinically.
CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that the miniscrews and maxillary first molars were mesially displaced under orthodontic loading. A mesial site for miniscrews might be a better choice for long-term stability.
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Smile Esthetics From The Laypersons Perspective (Nathan et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:e91-e101)
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to quantify the ideal and the range of acceptable values for smile variables judged by layperson from a full-face perspective for comparison with lower-face data.
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CONCLUSIONS:
Reliability was fair to moderate with the exception of buccal corridor limits.
Detailed knowledge of the ideal values of the various variables is important and can be incorporated into orthodontic treatment to produce an optimal esthetic smile.
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5. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with functional appliances on mandibular growth in the short term (Elvira et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:24-36)
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the effect of treatment with functional appliance vs an untreated control
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IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This meta analysis showed that the treatment resulted in a change of skeletal pattern. These data seem to support recent reports that 2phase treatment has no advantages over 1-phase treatment.
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6. ORIGINAL ARTICLES
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Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Bone Formation And Its Stability Over Time (Sona et al AJO-DO
2011;139:37-43)
INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic tooth movement can lead to the creation of bone. The purpose of the study were to investigate the amount during of bone formed in orthodontic patients treatment (maxillary
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CONCLUSIONS: The bone created through orthodontic tooth movement was stable in both horizontal and vertical directions.
Changes in the width of the alveolus were not related to the amount of bone at place of agenesis at T1.
In patients with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors, it is possible to move canine distally during adolescence and then wait to place implants when facial growth is complete.
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In Vitro Assessment Of The Forces Generated By Lingual Fixed Retainers (Losif et al, AJO-DO
2011; 139:44-8)
labiolingual forces.
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CONCLUSIONS:
The forces recorded from the lingual retainer wires during 0.2-mm simulated intrusion extrusion and buccal lingual produce movements might generate high tooth movement during forces that exceed 1 N and be large enough to unwanted
retention.
and
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Incidence Of Open Gingival Embrasures After Mandibular Incisor Extractions: A Clinical Photographic Evaluation (Flavio et al, AJO-DO
2011;139:49-54)
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study were to determine the incidence of open gingival embrasures
to
interproximal
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RESULTS: The incidence of open gingival embrasures was 68%; the embrasures were moderately noticeable to very
The
aim
of
this
study
were
to
parameters
and
periodontal
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CONCLUSIONS: Nickel can have an influence over the periodontal status of allergic orthodontic patients, causing an increase in band quantification that was correlated to gingival index.
Orthodontist should be aware of medical history of their patients and seek alternative, such as braces
with
low
nickel
content,
as
well
as
strictly
Histological Evaluation Of Root Response To Intrusion In Mandibular Teeth In Beagle Dogs (Juan et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:60-9)
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this article was to histologically evaluate root resorption and repair after orthodontic intrusion with different force magnitudes
CONCLUSIONS: 1. Light constant intrusive forces between 50 and 200 gm produced similar degrees of resorption.
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2. There was no relationship between root resorption and position of posterior mandibular teeth in the arch and the amount of force applied. 3. The reparative process was seen in 24.14% of lacunae observed. 4. Roots resorption occurred more frequently at the apices and interradicular regions. 5. Ankylosis was rare & appeared in association with cellular cementum repair of lacunae.
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Discrepancy Index Relative To Age, Sex, And The Probability Of Completing Treatment By One Resident In A 2 Year Graduate Orthodontics Program (Sean et al, AJO-DO
2011;139:70-3)
INTRODUCTION: The ABO discrepancy index(DI) was designed to objectively quantify the complexity of a malocclusion before orthodontic treatment.
THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to assessed the influence of age and sex on the DI distribution of large mixed sample of patients.
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An
additional
can
objective
complete
was
the
to
ascertain
of
the
the
effectiveness of DI for predicting the probability that 1 resident treatment malocclusion in a 24-month residency.
Conclusions: The DI was found to be reliable for assessing malocclusion complexity. It is independent of age, sex, or time when patients were evaluated
Static Frictional Force And Surface Roughness Of Various Bracket And Wire Combinations
(Umal H et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:74-9)
INTRODUCTION: During sliding mechanics, frictional
THE AIM OF STUDY: Was to investigate the static frictional resistance between 3 modern orthodontic brackets - ceramic with gold-palladium slot, ceramic, and stainless steel & 4 arch wire (0.019 x 0.025-in) stainless steel, NiTi, TMA, low friction colored TMA.
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CONCLUSIONS:
1. The traditional ceramic bracket in showed all the greatest frictional values tested
combinations.
2. The
ceramic the
slot be
bracket in all
showed
values
combinations,
promising
4. Frictional values for colored TMA were comparable with SS wires and thus seem a good alternative to SS wires during space closure in sliding mechanics.
5. There was a positive correlation between bracket slot roughness and frictional resistance.
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Three-year Follow-up Of Bimaxillary Surgery To Correct Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: Stability And Risk Factors For Relapse
(Jakobsone et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:80-9)
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term skeletal and occlusal stability after bimaxillary surgery to correct skeletal class III malocclusion.
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Maxillary
advancement
was
stable,
whereas
Risk factors for horizontal relapse of the mandible were large setback and inferior repositioning of
posterior maxilla.
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Dental Health Assessed After Interproximal Enamel Reduction: Cries Risk In Posterior Teeth (Zachrisson et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:90-8)
INTRODUCTION: The aim the study to investigate whether careful interdental enamel reduction (using extra fine diamond disks with air cooling, followed by contouring with triangular diamond burs and polishing) leads to increased caries risk in premolars and first molars.
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CONCLUSIONS: Interdental enamel reduction with this protocol did not result in increased caries risk in posterior teeth.
There is no
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7. CASE REPORT
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Maxillary Protraction With Miniplates Providing Skeletal Anchorage In A Growing Class III Patient (Cha et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:99-112)
has
been used in treatment of class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency. However, loss of dental anchorage has been reported with tooth-born anchorage such as lingual arches and expansion devices.
This side effect can be minimized with skeletal anchorage device such as miniplates. implants, onplants, mini-plants, and
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The use of miniplates for maxillary protraction in the mixed dentition has not been reported in the literature.
This case report describes the treatment of an 8 year old with a class III malocclusion and maxillary deficiency.
Miniplates
were
used
as
skeletal
anchorage
for
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CONCLUSIONS: 1. Maxillary protraction with miniplates as anchorage is a viable skeletal anchorage system when critical anchorage is demanded for orthodontic or orthopedic treatment.
2. This system is useful in patients in the mixed dentition, those oligodontia, or older patients when greater anchorage needed.
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Efficient Usage Of Implant Anchorage To Treat Over Erupted Maxillary First Molar And Mesially Inclined Mandibular Molars (Ohura et al, AJO-DO
2011;139-22)
This case report describes a 14-year-old girl had an over erupted maxillary right first molar, possibly because of severely inclined mandibular right molars.
Two-step use of miniplate anchorage in the right zygomatic process was proposed.
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As the first step, the over erupted maxillary first molar was intruded with elastic chain from the miniplate for 10 months.
Then the maxillary right molars were distalized by using the miniplate to correct the class II molar relationship.
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In
mandible,
the
first
molar
was
extruded
with
intermaxillary elastic applied from the miniplate to molar for 7 after the up righting of mandibular right second molar.
The results suggest that the use of 2-step implant anchorage is efficient for intrusion and distalization of maxillary molars and extrusion and uprighting of mandibular inclined molars.
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8. CLINICIANS CORNER
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Accidental Ingestion Of A Fractured Twin Block Appliance (Rohida & Bhad et al, AJO-DO 2011;139:1235)
This
article
reports
the
accidental
ingestion
of
The ease with which removable appliance can become dislodged if retention is inadequate.
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The following precautions should be taken by the orthodontist during the use of removable appliance: 1. All components of removable appliances should be smooth and rounded.
2. Hooked or C-clasps should be avoided if possible or alternative retentive components used to reduce the risk of puncturing or irritating the lining of alimentary canal.
4. Mandibular removable appliance have a tendency to fracture from the inadequate bulk of acrylic, especially in anterior lingual sulcus, so the appliance can be strengthened in this region by incorporation of rigid wire in the acrylic.
5. Use a color other than pink (or clear) acrylic for orthodontic appliance.
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6. Patients should always be advised both verbally and with written instruction at the time of appliance placement.
7. The orthodontist & general dentist must be able to recognize sign and symptoms off air obstruction in
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8. If
person
does
not
give
signal,
look
for
these
9.TECHNO BYTES
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Comparison Of Mesiodistal Root Angulation With Post Treatment Panoramic Radiograph And Cone-beam Computed Tomography (Bouwens et al, AJO-DO 2011;126-32)
INTRODUCTION: Orthodontists assess mesiodistal root angulation treatment position. before, as an during aid in and after orthodontic proper root establishing
Panoramic imaging has been useful for this purpose and is a valuable screening tool in diagnosis and planning treatment of orthodontic patients.
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Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for imaging of the craniofacial complex creates the opportunity to evaluate 3-dimensional image compared with traditional 2-dimensional image.
CONCLUSIONS: instrument for the evaluation of present and missing or supernumerary sequence. reliable teeth, dental regarding age, image and eruption less tooth However, information panoramic provide
mesiodistal
angulations and might exhibit deviations in both mesial distal directions for all teeth.
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CBCT allows clinicians to obtain 3D image of the craniofacial complex with similar absorbed doses as dental radiographs, and the 3D volume renderings provide a powerful tool for the visualization of root angulation.
The assessment of mesiodistal tooth angulation with panoramic radiography should be approached with caution and reinforced by thorough clinical examination.
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Common Errors In Preparing For And Completing The American Board Of Orthodontics Clinical Examination (English et al,
AJO-DO;139:136-7)
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The discrepancy index (DI) is first measured by the examiner for each case.
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Adequate periodontal documentation for all adult, as well as younger patients if the diagnostic records were produced after March 1, 2007.
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THANK YOU
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