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5-Stage Model

Five Stages Stage I Corporate Strategy Development Stage II Organising for Acquisition Stage III Deal Structuring & Negotiation Stage IV Post-Acquisition Integration Stage V Post-Acquisition Audit & Organisational Learning

I Corporate Strategy Development


M&A is a part of Corporate Strategy Enhancing competitive advantage Optimising Current portfolio of business Gaining Economies of Scale Searching for Partners with Matching Resources -continued.

ConI Corporate Strategy Development


Difficulty of Quantifying competitive advantage of M& A High Risk of Integration Failure Related Mergers likely to bring in better operating performance, shareholder value and innovation than unrelated mergers - contd.

Con..I Corporate Strategy Development


Industry Structure Driven view of Competition like gaining market power, cost leadership through vertical integration and product differentiation Resource based View of Competition like financial, human, intangibles, physical, organisational and technological gains

Stage II: Organising for Acquisition


M&A may be a separate function or a part of the normal functions Acquirer must develop capability and core competence Arrange for obtaining additional resources Prepare a Road Map for Post Merger Scenario of each department and functions Standardise & internalise early warning signals

Stage III: Deal Structuring & Negotiation


Major Pitfalls in Deal Structuring & Negotiation - Overvaluation of target company (Hubris/Winners Curse) - Conflict of Interest of Advisors such as Investment Bankers, lawyers, accountants and environmental consultants - Obtaining insufficient data - Defective due diligence - not determining the range of negotiation parameters -lack of clear negotiation regarding the positions of the senior managers of both the firms - not developing defense strategies regarding regulatory agencies -continued..

Contd III Deal Structuring & Negotiation


For avoiding the pitfalls, the corporate should - do proper valuation of the target - conduct in advance a thorough investigation of conflict of interest of the advisors - conduct an elaborate due diligence even by more than one agency - negotiate clearly the absorption of the HR and their designations

Stage IV: Post Acquisition Integration


Change Management Project management capabilities Communication Plans Deadlines for execution of plans Performance benchmarks Reward for achievements Merger of information systems - continued..

Contd.. IV Post Acquisition integration


HR Problems - detailed meeting and discussion with HR - reduce anxiety - assuring retention - no cultural shock - no downgrading of designations - no superior-inferior treatment

Due Diligence

A thorough investigation about the target company and its operations is called due diligence

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