iu chnh in p v cng sut phn khng trong h thng in

Phn 1: Khi nim c bn v iu chnh in p trong h thng in

1. 2.

Gii thiu chung Phng tin iu chnh in p

3.

Phng php iu chnh in p

Phn 2: Thc trng in p v iu chnh in p trong HT Vit nam

1. 2.

Gii thiu chung Quy nh v iu chnh in p

3.
4.

Cc phng tin iu chnh in p hin ti

Kt lun

Phn 1
Khi nim c bn v iu chnh in p trong h thng in

1. Gii thiu chung

Mc tiu:
Cht lng in nng cung cp cho cc thit b in S n nh h thng in Hiu qu kinh t trong vn hnh

Cng thc tn tht in p:

U RP QX PX QR j U U

Do X >> R nn

QX PX U j U U

1. Gii thiu chung

Thc t gc lch in p gia 2 u rt nh nn bin lch in p ph thuc ch yu vo thnh phn

QX U

Vy iu chnh in p chnh l iu chnh tro lu cng sut phn khng trong h thng in

2. Phng tin iu chnh in p

Chia thnh 3 nhm:
1)

Ngun cng sut phn khng: my pht, t b ngang, khng b ngang, my b ng b v thit b b tnh. B in khng ng dy nh t b dc.

2)

3)

iu chnh nc phn p my bin p (thay i tro lu v cng qua my bin p), thay i kt dy.

2. Phng tin iu chnh in p

My pht in
C th pht hoc tiu th cng sut phn khng bng vic thay i gi tr ca dng in kch t my pht. Linh hot trong vic iu chnh in p.

My b ng b
Ging my pht, c th pht hoc tiu th cng sut phn khng bng vic thay i dng kch t. Linh hot trong vic iu chnh in p.

2. Phng tin iu chnh in p

Khng b ngang
C tc dng chng qu p trn ng dy trong ch ti nh hoc h mch. Thng dng cho ng dy di siu cao p trn khng.
km kV 1 2 3

2. Phng tin iu chnh in p

T b ngang iu chnh in p cc b,.

Tng cos ph ti, gim tn tht truyn ti

U2 Cng sut phn khng ph thuc in p QC Ptai Xc

T b dc
Tng kh nng truyn ti v gim tn tht truyn ti. c tc dng ci thin phn b in p trn ng dy di siu cao p
Phn b ti trn cc mch vng

2. Phng tin iu chnh in p

Tc dng ca t b dc
U1 U1 XL Xc U2 IXL U2 ti a) ng dy c TBD U2 I(XL-XC) I

I(XL-XC)

U1 I

U2
U2 b) Ti cm

b) Ti dung

2. Phng tin iu chnh in p

H thng b tnh
Thiy b b tnh (SVC - Static Var Compensator): gm cc khng v t b ngang c th iu chnh pht hoc tiu th cng sut phn khng. H thng b tnh (SVS - Static Var System) l kt hp ca cc SVC v cc t hoc khng ng ct.

i vi li truyn ti, SVS c mt s u im sau:

iu khin trnh qu p tm thi Ngn nga sp in p trong mt s trng hp s c Tng n nh ng Hn ch dao ng trong h thng

i vi li phn phi, SVS c tc dng gim dao ng in p gy nn bi cc ph ti nh my cn kim loi, my khai thc m, l luyn kim,...

2. Phng tin iu chnh in p

iu chnh nc phn p my bin p
Thay i tro lu cng sut v cng qua MBA C hoc khng c OLTC

2. Phng tin iu chnh in p

i u ch nh trn M y ph t M y b ng b SVS C c b t b ngang C c b t b dc Kh ng b ngang C C C Khng Khng Ph t cng sut Q C nh- ng h n ch C C C C Ti u th Q C nh- ng h n ch C C Khng Khng Linh ho t trong vn hnh C C C C, n u u i khi ng n c c t Khng Kh n ng t ng i u ch nh C C C C Khng C th g y cng h- ng Khng tt trong mt s tr- ng h p ti n ng Ghi ch

Khng

Khng

Khng

Khng Theo quy nh t ca ng- i vn hnh C

ng c t - ng d y i ch nc u nh ph p n

Khng

Tu thuc ch

Khng

i ch u nh tro l- u cng sut phn

3. Phng php iu chnh in p

1. iu khin tp trung:
Cc thit b iu khin c thc hin da trn thng tin chung v vn hnh ca ton h thng.

2. iu khin nhiu cp:

Cc thit b iu khin c quy nh trc lut iu khin trng thi vn hnh n nh da trn cc thng tin vn hnh cc b ti ch v cc khu vc ln cn. c a chung nhiu nc trn th gii.

3. Phng php iu chnh in p

iu chnh in p nhiu cp:
1. Cp 1 (iu chnh s cp): l qu trnh p ng nhanh v tc thi

cc bin i in p bng tc ng ca cc b t ng iu chnh in p nhm gi n nh in p.

2. Cp 2 (iu chnh th cp): l qu trnh p ng chm hn cp 1

c thc hin tng vng trong h thng nhm p ng cc s bin i chm v lch ln ca in p.

3. Cp 3 (cng c th gi l iu chnh th cp): l qu trnh tnh

ton biu in p t cho cc nt. Cng c lm vic ny l chng trnh ti u tro lu cng sut (OPF - Optimal Power Flow)

3. Phng php iu chnh in p

Cp 3
in p chn h nh

Cp 2
B iu chnh min AVR

H thng in

Nt kim tra

Cp 1

Cc b iu chnh ca thit b b

Cc thit b b

3. Phng php iu chnh in p

Chia h thng in thnh nhiu vng, c trng bi mt vi nt in p chnh gi l nt kim tra.

iu chnh gi in p ti cc nt kim tra theo biu in p nh trc.

iu kin phn chia h thng thnh cc min :
in p ti cc nt kim tra phi c trng cho in p ca ton min.
cng sut phn khng theo yu cu iu chnh ca min. Khong cch v in gia cc nt kim tra ca cc min phi ln.

3. Phng php iu chnh in p

Cch xc nh min iu chnh in p v nt kim tra:
Tnh cng sut ngn mch cho cc nt, chn nt c cng sut ngn mch ln nht lm nt kim tra.
t ngun in p vo mt trong nhng nt kim tra v tnh ton tn tht in p t nt kim tra n cc nt cn li. Nghin cu tn tht, xc nh min iu chnh in p.

Phn 2
Thc trng in p v iu chnh in p trong HT Vit nam

1. Gii thiu chung

Ngun in: Rt a dng.

T trng: thu in (chim 38.6%); tua bin kh (38.2%); nhit in than (10.76%); nhit in du (5.1%); Ngoi ra cn c thu in nh, iesel.
Li in:

Nhiu cp in p.
500 kV, 220 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 35 kV, 22 kV, 15 kV, 10 kV, 6 kV. Ph ti:

Sinh hot chim t trng ln

Chnh lch cao/ thp im ln (2:1)

2. Quy nh v iu chnh in p trong HT Vit Nam Qui nh v phn cp iu chnh in p nh sau:

QG chu trch nhim iu chnh in p cc nt trn HT 500kV, tnh ton v qui nh in p ti cc im nt thuc quyn kim tra. M cn c vo mc in p c QG qui nh, tnh ton, qui nh v iu chnh in p h thng in thuc quyn iu khin cho ph hp vi gii hn quy nh. iu li in phn phi cn c vo mc in p c M qui nh, tnh ton, qui nh v iu chnh in p ca li phn phi ph hp vi gii hn quy nh.

2. Quy nh v iu chnh in p trong HT Vit Nam Biu in p ti cc nt kim tra:

Thnh lp xut pht t vic bo m in p cn thit cho khch hng c tnh n ch lm vic ti u v kh nng iu chnh ca h thng in Quc gia. Phi lp t nht mt ln trong mt qu hoc khi h thng c nhng thay i ln. Danh sch cc im kim tra ca iu phn phi v biu in p nhng im do gim c Cng ty in lc qun l vn hnh ph duyt; Danh sch cc im kim tra ca M v biu in p nhng im do gim c TT iu min ph duyt;

Danh sch cc im kim tra ca QG v biu in p nhng im do gim c TT iu HT Quc gia ph duyt.

Xc nh gii hn iu chnh in p: Gi tr in p ln nht cho php thit b vn hnh lu di theo qui nh ca nh ch to; Gi tr in p nh nht cho php vn hnh lu di phi m bo an ton cho h thng t dng ca nh my in, m bo mc d phng n nh tnh ca HT hoc ng dy c lin quan Gi tr in p m bo cung cp in cho khch hng

2. Quy nh v iu chnh in p trong HT Vit Nam Quy nh v gii hn iu chnh in p cho thit b: My pht in, my b ng b: 5% U u cc khi lm vic vi cng sut v cos nh mc. My bin p: + 5% U u phn p tng ng khi ti nh mc.

in p ti cc im o m cp cho khch hng:

Li n nh: 5% so vi U danh nh vi iu kin khch hng phi m bo cos 0,85.

Li cha n nh: +5% n -10% so vi U danh nh

3. Cc phng tin iu chnh in p hin ti

My pht in:
Nhiu t my khng c kh nng tiu th Q hoc kh nng tiu th km: Ialy, Hm Thun, a Mi, ... Mt s nh my khng chuyn b c nh Thc M, Sng Hinh, Hm Thun - a Mi (do nhiu l do)

My b ng b
Rt t, ch c: Ung B (4 x 11 MVar). Cn Th (2X9.5 MVAr), Th c 2x(-9 + 18) MVAr.

T b ngang
Phn ln l loi khng iu chnh Cc b t ln t cp in p cao. Cc b t nh phn b ri gn ph ti

3. Cc phng tin iu chnh in p hin ti

Khng b ngang v t b dc trn h thng in 500 kV
Phi hp vn hnh cc KBN v TBD trn HT 500 kV m bo:
in p trn ton b h thng 500 kV nm trong gii hn cho php Nng cao n nh h thng in qua vic tng gii hn truyn ti Gim tn tht trn h thng 500 kV. Ci thin phn b in p dc theo chiu di ng dy.

Phn b in p trn ng dy tu thuc vo ch vn hnh. i vi ng dy 500 kV, cng sut phn khng do ng dy sinh ra l rt ln nn cc ch vn hnh non ti, phng in hoc vn hnh thiu thit b b cn c bit ch .

3. Cc phng tin iu chnh in p hin ti

iu chnh nc phn p: Hu ht cc MBA truyn ti trong h thng in u c trang b b iu chnh nc phn p di ti Mt s MBA trong h thng c trang b b t ng thay i nc phn p nhm gi in p gi tr t trc nh cc MBA 500/220kV cc trm 500kV. Thc t cc b t ng iu chnh in p ca cc MBA thng tch ra do in p vn hnh cha n nh. Cc thit b b tnh cha c.

4. Hin trng in p trong HT Vit Nam

Nhn xt chung in p trn li truyn ti m bo. m bo tt in p cn: u t ln vo ngun, li v cc trang b b, tng cng h thng t ng iu chnh in p.

EVN c chin lc v nng cht lng in p, tnh ton ti u b cng sut phn khng.

5. Kt lun
Mt s kin gp phn nng cao cht lng cng tc iu chnh in p:
m bo cc cng trnh v ngun v li ng tin .
u t lng b cn thit theo tnh ton ti u. Tng cng t ng ha trong iu chnh in p.

Ci thin cht lng h thng knh truyn.

Tng cng u t cc thit b b c iu chnh trn hoc nhiu cp. Phn cp iu chnh in p hp l, phi hp cht ch gia cc cp iu v iu chnh in p. Nng cao cos cc h tiu th in.

Cm n !