LY THUYT TNG QUAN V KIM TH

Giang vin hng dn : Ths Nguyn Thi Hanh Sinh vin : Nguyn Thi Hin Lp : K59b

Ni dung chinh
1.
2. 3.

Cac phng phap kim th Cac cng cu kim th Cach thit k test case

Kim th phn mm (KTPM) la gi ?

Kim th phn mm c nhiu cch nh ngha khc nhau. Nhng u bao hm hai ni dung c ban l: pht hin li v anh gi cht lng ca phn mm.

nh ngha ca Myers: Kim th l tin trnh thc thi chng trnh vi muc ich tm thy li.

Phng phap kim th

Phng phap kim th la gi ? La hoat ng kim tra xem phn mm c chay chnh xac hay khng (Verification) va c thoa mn yu cu ca khach hang hay khng (Validation) nhm hng ti mc tiu Cht lng cho phn mm . Khai nim v phng phap kim th cha c thng nht ma ph thuc vao tng chng trnh ao tao.

Cac phng phap kim th

1. Theo t chc thm nh v ky thut phn mm (KTPM) quc t ISTBQ c 2 phng phap/hnh thc kim th : o Kim th tnh (Static Testing) o Kim th ng (Dynamic Testing)

2. Theo khai nim thng thng thi c 3 hnh thc kim th o Kim th hp en (Black Box Testing) o Kim th hp trng (White Box Testing) o Kim th hp xam (Gray Box Testing)

Cac phng phap kim th

1 . Theo ISTBQ Kim th tinh (Static testing): La mt hnh thc KTPM ma trong o phn mm khng c s dng thc s . c im : o Khng kim th chi tit m ch yu kim tra tnh ng n ca m lnh (code), thut ton hay ti liu . o C th c s dng bi ngi lp trnh , lam vic c lp . o Cac ki thut c s dng la : review code , kim tra... o C th c t ng ha o Cac li phat hin trong giai oan se gip cho vic sa cha t tn kem hn

Cac phng phap kim th

1 . Theo ISTBQ Kim th ng (Dynamic testing ): La hnh thc KTPM thng qua vic dung may chay chng trnh iu tra tac ng ca chng trnh c im : o Lam vic trc tip vi phn mm, nhp d liu u vao va kim tra u ra xem ng mong mun khng. o Trong kim th t ng phn mm phai thc s c bin dch va chay o (ni tm lai : kim th tnh la vic review code kim tra con kim th ng la chay thc t code ca chng trnh vi test-case kem theo)

Cac phng phap kim th

2. Theo khai nim thng thng : Kim th hp en : Con c goi la kim th chc nng , la mt ki thut kim th , ang c s dng ph bin nht hin tai. c im : o Xem phn mm nh mt hp en , khng bit gi v hoat ng bn trong ca phn mm (cu trc code bn trong) , chi cn quan tm n hin tng phn mm khng ng vi c ta . o Ki thut c s dng c gng tm ra cac li v giao din ,li thi hanh , thiu chc nng, khi tao/kt thc. o Ki thut gip n gian ha kim th cac mc c anh gia la kho kim th . Tuy nhin , khng c mi rang buc vi code .

Cac phng phap kim th

2.Theo khai nim thng thng : Kim th hp trng : Con goi la ki thut kim th hng logic cho phep kim tra cu trc bn trong ca phn mm. c im : o TestCase se c test theo cac ng dn cac quyt nh kim tra cu trc data bn trong. o Mc ch am bao tt ca cac cu lnh va iu kin c thc hin t nht mt ln . o Ki thut nay yu cu tester phai c ky nng , kin thc nht nh v ngn ng lp trnh va giai thut c dung trong phn mm. Do o thng tn nhiu thi gian va cng sc nn chu yu c dung trong kim th n v

Cac phng phap kim th

3. Theo khai nim thng thng : Kim th hp xam : Ki thut nay la s kt hp gia hnh thc kim th hp en va hp trng. c im : o La hnh thc kim th mi hnh thanh , oi hoi ngi s dng c trnh cao. o Tester cn vn dng cac kin thc v thut toan, cu trc bn trong chng trnh nh hp trng nhng thit k TestCase theo hng ngi s dng hoc c TestCase nh kim th hp en .

Cac cng c kim th (test tool_TT)

1.Quick test pro (QTP): QTP la mt TT dung kim tra chc nng va cho phep kim tra hi quy mt cach t ng . Hoat ng : QTP ap dng phng phap Keyword-Driven cho phep KTV b sung TestCase bng cach tao file m ta cho n ma khng cn phai chinh sa hay b sung bt c script nao ca .

Cac cng c kim th

1.Quick test pro (QTP): c im : o D s dng, bao tr , tao test script nhanh. Cung cp d liu kim tra ro rang , d hiu o H tr lam vic theo nhm thng qua s chia se th vin va thng nht quan ly o C th kim tra trn nhiu trnh duyt cung mt lc tt hn cac test tool khac o QTP cho phep x li nhng s kin ho li khng oan trc c th lam script b dng trong khi ang chay . o Tuy nhin , mt s ng dng oi hoi phai cai t thm thanh phn b sung ca QTP mi kim tra c .

Cac cng c kim th

2 .JMeter La cng c m ngun m chuyn dung kim tra hiu nng ca cac ng dng web, c vit bng Java ,c th hoat ng trn cac h iu hanh h tr JVM 1.4 tr ln.

Cac cng c kim th

2. JMeter Hoat ng : o Jmeter c th gia lp hang ngan ngi dung ao o lng hiu nng ca i tng trn mt kch ban dng sn . S lng phu thuc vao phn cng ca may chu chay test c im: o Cung cp mt h thng bao cao kt qua kim tra linh ng o Khng oi hoi kin thc lp trnh chuyn su s dng o Hin nay , cng c a c cai tin o lng hiu nng hoat ng ca cac i tng va giao thc : HTTP HTTPS , SOAP , POP3 o Tnh d s dng khng cao so vi cac TT thng mai

Cac cng c kim th

3. Selenium La TT m ngun m , gm mt b cac cng c h tr kim tra t ng cac ng dng web : Selenium IDE , Selenium Remote Control, Selenium Core , Selenium Grid .

Cac cng c kim th

3. Selenium Hoat ng : Chay kim tra t ng trn mt kch ban a c trc . Qua o c th chc chn bit rng i tng c hoat ng c nh mong i hay khng .
c im : o La cng c h tr kim tra tnh nng nn khng c kha nng gia lp nhiu ngi dung ao cung mt lc. o tn dng c nhng li th ca Selenium thi tester phai c kha nng nghin cu va ng dng , ng thi kha nng lp trnh tt cung se gip nhiu trong qua trnh s dng.

Cach thit k test - case

1. Khai nim : TestCase : theo ISTQB la mt tp hp cac gia tr nhp , cac iu kin tin quyt thc thi, cac kt qua mong i va cac iu kin kt thc , c xy dng cho mc ch hoc iu kin kim th ring bit, nh thc hin mt ng dn chng trnh ring kim tra ng yu cu ca i tng . Thit k TestCase :la qua trnh xy dng cac Testcase c th phat hin li , sai st , khuyt im ca phn mm phn mm at c ng tiu chun .

Cach thit k test - case

2. Vai tro cua vic thit k test-case o Tao ra nhng TestCase tt nht , c kha nng phat hin ra li va sai st nhiu nht. o Tao ra cac TestCase re nht ng thi tn t thi gian va cng sc nht . 3. Quy trinh thit k test-case Quy trnh se bt u bng vic phat trin cac ca kim th s dng phng phap hp en va sau o phat trin b sung cac ca kim th cn thit vi phng phap hp trng. Chin lc thit k Testcase ti u la s kt hp gia cac phng phap

Cach thit k test - case

4. Cac phng phap thit k Testcase Kim th hp trng - Kim th bao ph logic o Bao ph cu lnh Statement Coverage o Bao ph quyt nh Decision coverage o Bao ph iu kin Condition coverage o Bao ph quyt nh/iu kin Decision/condition coverage o Bao ph a iu kin Multiple condition coverage Kim th hp en o Phn lp tng ng Equivalence Patitioning o Phn tch gi tr bin Boundary Value Analysis o th nguyn nhn kt qua - Cause & Effect Graphing o oan li Error Guessing

Tai liu tham khao

http://www.google.com.vn/giaidap/thread?tid=3b1fdc9850cd36d2 http://www.testingvn.com/viewtopic.php?f=20&t=847 http://forums.testervn.com/showthread.php?t=1158 http://www.testingvn.com/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=105&p=176#p17 6