Welding

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Type of welding joints

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Butt joint geometries

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Description of joints

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The square-groove is a butt welding joint with the two pieces being flat and parallel to each other. This joint is simple to prepare, economical to use, and provides satisfactory strength, but is limited by

Description of joints

J-joints

Single-J butt welds are when one piece of the weld is in the shape of a J that easily accepts filler material and the other piece is square.

U-joints

Single-U butt welds are welds that have both edges of the weld surface 11/4/12

Welding processes
Welding processes can be classified based on following criteria;

Welding with or without filler material. Source of energy of welding. Arc and Non-arc welding. Fusion and Pressure welding. Welding can be carried out with or 11/4/12 without the application of filler

Friction welding

What is Friction Welding? Friction welding is a solid-state process that is achieved through frictional heat. This heat is generated by controlled contact of two components until material reaches its plastic state, at which time plasticised material begins to form layers that intertwin 11/4/12 with one another.

Works:

How friction welding is done

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Resistance welding

Resistance welding is the science of joining two or more metal parts together in a localised area by the application of heat and pressure. The heat is produced by the resistance of the material to carry a high amperage current. The greater the path of resistance is, 11/4/12 the higher the heat intensity.

Resistance welding

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Advantages
Advantages

Suitable for welding dissimilar metals Capability of multiple welding High volume work at high speeds Short (millisecond) weld times Quality of process monitoring
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Ultrasonic welding

Process overview Ultrasonic welding is a process that uses mechanical vibrations above the audible range. The vibrations, produced by a welding sonotrode or horn are used to soften or melt the thermoplastic material at the joint line. The components to be joined are held together under pressure and subjected to vibrations, usually at a 11/4/12

Ultrasonic welding

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Fusion welding

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Electron beam welding

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Plasma arc welding: the plasma process produces exceptionally high quality welds. Like gas tungsten arc welding, the plasma arc welding process can be used to weld most commercial metals, and it can be used for a wide variety of metal thicknesses.

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Gas metal arc welding : MIG(Metal inert gas)/MAG (Metal active gas)welding is used on all thicknesses of steels, aluminium, nickel, stainless steels etc. The MAG process is suitable both for steel and unalloyed, low-alloy and high-alloy based materials. The MIG process, on the other hand, is used for welding aluminium and copper materials.

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Shielded metal arc welding: High quality welds at low costs

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Submerged Arc Welding: The submerged arc welding process utilizes the heat of an arc between a continuously fed electrode and the work. The heat of the arc melts the surface of the base metal and the end of the electrode. The metal melted off the electrode is transferred through the arc to the workpiece, where it becomes the deposited weld metal.

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Relations between control functions and sensors in robotic arc welding systems

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General structure of a sensor based robotic arc welding system with support for coordinating control actions with respect to the welding process

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Distortion during welding: Butt weld and fillet weld, Angular distortion

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