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40% of the mentioned cost could have been avoided using the current or existing technologies and by applying or implemented the proven best practices.
The National Institute of Science and Technology
Pipeline Explosion Lights Up East Texas Sky ~ a pipeline leaking natural gas exploded after a car drove over that leak, which was part of the Texas Gas Gathering Company .
Petro China Refinery Explosion Injures 30 ~ More than 30 people were hurt following an explosion at Petro China Co.s Fushun refining complex in northwestern Liaoning province, the official Xinhua News Agency said, without citing anyone. No deaths were reported.
Corrosion is the disintegration of an engineered material into its constituent atoms due to chemical reactions with its surroundings
~ In the most common use of the word, this means electrochemical oxidation of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as oxygen. He is a man who walks down those mean, corroded streets. A man you seldom know because when he makes your day -- which he does every day -- you wont know him.
~ Formation of an oxide of iron due to oxidation of the iron atoms in solid solution is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion, commonly known as rusting.
Minimum requirements for corrosion control: * External Corrosion Control 1. Buried DOT regulated pipelines will be coated and cathodically protected * Internal Corrosion Control 1. Known corrosion rate based on historical data. 2. Corrosion rate from a national standard data base. 3. Data collected from laboratory prototype testing. * Above Ground External Corrosion Control 1. Coat with an approved system with resistance to the soil and internal fluid temperature
API 580
Provides with the basic elements for developing and implementing a risk-based inspection (RBI) program for fixed equipment and piping in the hydrocarbon and chemical process industries. These API Inspection codes and standards allow an owner/user latitude to plan an inspection strategy and increase or decrease the code-designated inspection frequencies based on the results of a RBI Assessment.
inspection program using risk-based methods for pressurized fixed equipment including pressure vessel, piping, tanks, pressure relief devices, and heat exchanger tube bundles.
The Consequence of Failure or loss of containment for a pressurized component is expressed as an impact area (ft2) or in financial terms ($) . Final consequence areas are determined as a probability-weighted area of each of the individual event outcome areas
IBM MAXIMO delivers best-of-class asset lifecycle and maintenance management for all asset types on a single platform. providing insight for all of your enterprise assets, their conditions and work processes, for better planning and control.
maXRBI is a MAXIMO RBI Software add-on application to monitor and analyze Risk, Consequence and Probability of failure due to corrosion.
Preparation Stage
Inspection/Testing (NDT /NDE) Application Field Inspection and Data Gathering NDT/NDE Recording Log Tab
Inspection Planning
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Inspection/Testing (NDT /NDE) Application Field Inspection and Data Gathering NDT/NDE Recording Log Tab
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Semi-Quantitative Approach
Quantitative Approach
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Damage Factor An adjustment factor applied to the generic failure frequency to account for damage mechanisms that are active in a equipment. The damage factor is determined based on the applicable damage mechanisms for the equipment, the inspection history and condition of the equipment. In API RBI, the damage factors for the protected equipment are calculated as a function of time.
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The mechanical integrity and functional performance of equipment depends on the suitability of the equipment to operate safely and reliably under the normal and abnormal (upset) operating conditions to which the equipment is exposed.
Risk: Combination of the probability of an event and its consequence. In some situations, risk is a deviation from the expected. When probability and consequence are expressed numerically, risk is the product.
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Risk presented as a precise numeric value (as in a quantitative analysis) implies a greater level of accuracy when compared to a risk matrix (as in a qualitative analysis)
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Risk Matrix: For risk ranking methodologies that use consequence and probability categories, presenting the results in a risk matrix is a very effective way of communicating the distribution of risks throughout a plant or process unit without numerical values.
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Inspection Planning
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Risk rank Summary Report which includes: Likelihood and consequence ranking for each equipment Risk ranking for each piping section Identified active damage mechanisms Corrosion Rate Difference by Service and Type Corrosion Inhibition and Corrosion Rate Correlation Internal/External Inspection Comparison
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A non Linear Asset occupy a defined space and can be tracked by their location or modeled as part of a parentchild hierarchy.
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maXRBI Documentation
maXFilenet is the seamless combination of Maximo enterprise asset management applications and FileNet DMS capabilities. They form the solution for paperless business operations, secured and categorized attachments in Maximo records, and tracked documentation. With maXFilenet, documents uploaded in the FileNet Workplace are automatically added to the Maximo document library, and, attaching them to Maximo records is as easy as the usual Maximo document-attaching way, offering versioning and tracking. Managing attachments can be done in two ways, either through Maximo or FileNet. After every modification on documents, the two systems are updated with details for audit trail
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