FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Click to edit Master subtitle style By: Rasha El-shinety; PH.D, MD

The female reproductive (genital) system

External genitalia:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Internal genitalia:
1. 2.

Labia majora. Labia minora. Clitoris. Vestibule. Mons pubis.

2 ovaries. 2 fallopian tubes. Uterus. Vagina.

3. 4.

External genital organs

Internal genital organs

Uterus
shape:

It is a pear shape muscular organ. Fundus. Body. Cervix.

Parts:
1. 2. 3.

fundus: it is the part of the uterus that lies above the attachment of the fallopian tubes. Body: It is the middle part that extends from the cornu above to the isthmus below.

Cervix: It is the narrow lower part of the uterus that is marked from the body by the isthmus. The cavity of the cervix is a fusiform canal that has 2 openings; one between cervix and body (internal os) and the other one at its lower end (external os). The cervix is partially protrudes into the vagina so it is divided into: a) Vaginal part. b) Supra-vaginal part.

Peritoneal covering: The uterus is totally covered with peritoneum except the anterior surface of the cervix. Peritoneal fold: Broad ligament. Peritoneal reflections: Utero-verical pouch & recto-uterine (Douglas) pouch.

Position of the uterus:

It has a central position in the pelvis. Anteverted anteflexed:

Anteversion; the anterior angle between the uterus and the vagina (90). Anteflexion; the anterior angle between the body and cervix (170)s.

Relations of the uterus:

Body: Anterior; urinary bladder+ small intestine. Posterior; sigmoid colon+ small intestine. On each side; attachment of the broad ligament. Cervix: Anterior; urinary bladder. Posterior; douglas pouch. On each side; ureter + uterine artery.

Uterine support:
1. 2.

Pelvic floor muscles. Anteverted anteflexed position of uterus. Uterine ligaments.

3.

Uterine ligaments:

Peritoneal. Non-peritoneal.

Peritoneal ligaments : 1. Broad ligament; lateral. 2. Anterior (uterovesical) ligament; anterior. 3. Posterior (rectouterine) ligament; posterior

Non-Peritoneal ligaments :
1- Ligaments of the body: a- Round ligament of uterus. b- Ovarian ligament. 2- Ligaments of the cervix: a- Transverse cervical (Mackendrots) ligament.

Broad ligament:

It is a double sheet of peritoneum that stretches between the side wall of the uterus and the lateral pelvic wall. It is quadrangular in shape having 4 borders and 2 surfaces.

Broad ligament:
Parts:
1. 2. 3. 4.

Mesovarium. Mesosalpinx. Mesometrium. Suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulo-pelvic) ligament.

Broad ligament:
Contents: 1. Uterine tubes. 2. Ligaments (ovarian ligament, round ligament of uterus). 3. Arteries (uterine artery, ovarian artery). 4. Parametrium (fatty tissue). 5. Embryological remnants.

Round ligament of uterus ovarian ligament:

Both are fibromuscular ligaments. The round ligament extend between the uterus (in front of fallopian tube) to labia majora. The ovarian extend between the uterus (behind the fallopian tubes) and the ovary.

Cervical ligaments:

Blood supply:
Arterial supply:

Uterine artery. Internal iliac vein.

Venous drainage:

Lymph drainage:
Fundus & upper part of the body ------- para-aortic lymph nodes. Lower part of body --------- external iliac lymph nodes. Cervix ------- external, internal iliac & sacral lymph nodes. A small area around the cornu --- superficial inguinal lymph nodes (why?).