FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

Submitted by: SHILU MATHAI

 Evaluation in education is the process of judging the effectiveness of educational experience through careful appraisal. It involves a continuous process of collecting, recording, assembling and interpreting information

Introduction

Modern versus older forms of evaluation

Modern evaluation Older evaluation measure a Emphasis on subject comprehensive range matter achievement of objectives only

Modern versus older forms of evaluation

Modern evaluation employs a variety of techniques, methods and procedures of appraisal Older evaluation Employs only one or two methods and procedures of appraisal

WHY EVALUATION?
Sound educational decision making. Parents are eager to know the results To ascertain the extent to which these goals have been realized. For an adequate teaching learning

WHY EVALUATION?
Clarifies the aims of education. Helps in the improvement of curriculum Attempts at relating the subject matter, classroom instruction and testing procedures to educational objectives.

WHAT IS TO BE EVALUATED
Characteristics of students Not only the content but also the achievement of the objectives and learning activities

MEANING AND DEFINITION

Evaluation is derived from the word valoir which means to be worth Ralph Tyler defines evaluation as the process of determining to what extent educational objectives are being realized

DEFINITION
Evaluation is any systematic, continuous process of determining : The extent to which specified educational objectives are attained. The effectiveness of the learning experiences provided How well the goals of education have been accomplished.

NATURE OF EVALUATION
The evaluation is a two part process : the identification of the objectives or goals the judgments of whether these goals are being achieved

PURPOSES OF
EVALUATION
To appraise the status of and changes in students behavior Provision for guiding the growth of students Diagnose the individual students educational strengths and weakness

PURPOSES OF
EVALUATION
Assess the students progress from time to time Provide basis for modification of curriculum Locate the areas where remedial measures are needed

PURPOSES OF
EVALUATION
Motivate the students towards better attainment Test the efficiency of teachers Appraise the teacher and supervisor competence Serves as method of self improvement

PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION
Determining and clarifying what is to

be evaluated techniques should be selected according to the purposes Comprehensive evaluation requires a variety of evaluation techniques

PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION
Proper use of evaluation techniques

requires an awareness of both their limitations and strengths Evaluation is a means to an end, not an end in itself

CHARACTERISTICS OF EVALUATION
Evaluation is a continuous process includes academic and non academic a procedure for improving the

products discovers the needs of an individual

CHARACTERISTICS OF EVALUATION
Evaluation in terms of purposes Correlation between the individual

system and the system of evaluation Evaluation is a complex process

Components of evaluation
Specifying learning outcomes Collection of evidence about students growth Analysis and interpretation Diagnostic appraisal Redefining and readjusting objectives

FUNCTIONS OF EVALUATION

1. Functions associated with the instructional process

Measurement function Diagnostic function Guidance and remediation Motivating functions

 Assessment of the final output Classification and placement Prognosis , prediction and selection

Functions related to total education system

Improvement of inputs and process of education Maximization of the output

TYPES OF EVALUATION
Based on the frequency of conducting
a. formative evaluation b. summative evaluation

TYPES OF EVALUATION
Based on the nature of measurement
a. Maximum performance evaluation b. Typical performance evaluation

TYPES OF EVALUATION
Based on the method of interpreting results
a. criterion referenced evaluation b. norm referenced evaluation

STEPS OF EVALUATION
Identifying the purpose of evaluation Identifying a time frame Determining when to evaluate Selecting the evaluator Choosing an evaluation design the

STEPS OF EVALUATION
Selecting an evaluation instrument Collecting data Interpreting data Reporting the findings Using the findings Considering the costs of evaluation

FORMATIVE EVALUATION
Ongoing assessment of learners achievement while the term, course or instructional program is in progress.

 Formative evaluation is the assessment made during the instructional phase to let the teacher know about learners progress in learning and what more is to be done.

 Formative evaluation is conducted to monitor the instructional process, to determine whether learning is taking place as planned.RL Ebel and DA Frisbac 1986

Purposes of formative evaluation

Feedback to the students, not the assignment of a grade The gathering of data during the time of program guides the developmental process Continuous and immediate feedback

Characteristics of formative evaluation

focuses on molecular analysis of instructional material cause seeking its design is exploratory monitors teaching learning strategies

Advantages of formative evaluation

It helps in forming, modifying and improving the program before it is completed. It helps to find many things that can be changed It is helpful for the immediate decision making

Advantages of formative evaluation

It makes teaching more effective More emphasis is on the achievement rather than objectives. It also provides ample opportunities to learners to have mastery in content

SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
assigning a grade for learners achievement at the end of term, semester, course or instructional program

Summative evaluation typically comes at the end of a course of instruction. It is designed to determine the extent to which the instructional objectives have been achieved and is used primarily to assign grade or certifying pupil mastery of intended outcome.- NE Gronlund 1985

Summative evaluation is done at the conclusion of instruction and measures the extent to which students have attained the desired outcomes W Weersma and Gurs 1990

Purposes of summative evaluation

Obtain an overall picture of how they are doing. The effectiveness of teaching and instruction is evaluated. The purpose of assigning grades or certifying learners mastery of the intended learning outcomes.

Elements of summative evaluation

There should be some instructional program before summative evaluation The instructional program should be for attainment of some objectives It is done at the end or completion of program

Elements of summative evaluation

It should check whether there has been learning or not. It should provide the feedback to the classroom teacher

Characteristics of summative evaluation

Concerned with (a) broad range of issues (b) judgment about the merits of already completed program. It comes at the end of a course It is the terminal assessment of the learners performance

Characteristics of summative evaluation

It provides whether learning is sufficiently complete It measures the extent to which the learner has attained the outcomes. It is evidence that the program is satisfactory.

Advantages of summative evaluation

It provides reinforcement to teachers It helps in planning and organizing of further teaching It judges to what extent objectives are realized

Formative versus summative evaluation

Formative evaluation Summative evaluation conducted during the program The purpose is to monitor progress of the students There will be a very thorough sampling conducted after the program The purpose is to check final status of students There will be a more restricted sampling

Formative versus summative evaluation

Formative evaluation
It uses the methods of daily assignments and observation organized for the benefit of internal audience

Summative evaluation
It uses the methods of achievement tests and projects organized for the benefit of external audience

Formative versus summative evaluation

Formative evaluation tested more frequently Scoring is based on criterion referenced approach reports scores on each task Summative evaluation tested less frequently Scoring is based on norm referenced approach reports in terms of total scores

Evaluation helps students

Communicating the teachers objectives Increasing motivation Encouraging good study habits Developing abilities and skills Summarizing and reporting students progress Feedback