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By Farhan Ahmad
Suitable on the grounds of operating pressure and temperature, fluid-material compatibility, handling, extreme thermal conditions Estimating the cost of those which may be suitable
engineering-resource.com
General considerations
Tubes and cylinders can withstand higher pressures than plates If exchangers can be built with a variety of materials, then it is more likely that you can find a metal which will cope with extreme temperatures or corrosive fluids More specialist exchangers have less suppliers, longer delivery times and must be repaired by experts
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Normal size Double-pipe heat exchangers are competitive at duties requiring 100-200 ft2
Built of carbon steel where possible
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Advantages/disadvantages of double-pipe HE
Advantages
Easy to obtain counter-current flow Can handle high pressure Modular construction Easy to maintain and repair Many suppliers
Disadvantage
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engineering-resource.com
Size per unit 100 - 10000 ft2 (10 - 1000 m2) Easy to build multiple units Made of carbon steel where possible
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Advantages/disadvantages of S&T
Advantages Extremely flexible and robust design Easy to maintain and repair Can be designed to be dismantled for cleaning Very many suppliers world-wide Disadvantages Require large plot (footprint) area - often need extra space to remove the bundle Plate may be cheaper for pressure below 16 bar (240 psia) and temps. below 200oC (400oF)
engineering-resource.com
engineering-resource.com
Flow rates
up to 3,500 m3/hour can be accommodated in standard units Fluid limitations Mainly limited by gasket Maximum = 0.95 Minimum T = 1 K
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Principal Applications
Gasketed plate and frame heat exchangers have a large range of applications typically classified in terms of the nature of the streams to be heated/cooled as follows: Liquid-liquid. Condensing duties. Evaporating duties. Gasketed units may be used in refrigeration heat pump plants and extensively used in the processing of food and drinks.
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Principal Applications
As for gasketed plate and frame heat exchanger, but extended to include more aggressive media. Welded plate heat exchangers are used for the evaporation and condensation of refrigerants such as ammonia and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and for different chemicals.
engineering-resource.com
engineering-resource.com
Principal Applications
The plate-fin heat exchanger is suitable for use over a wide range of temperatures and pressures for gas-gas, gas-liquid and multi-phase duties. Typically, these involve Chemical and petrochemical plant: Hydrocarbon off-shore applications: Miscellaneous applications:
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engineering-resource.com
engineering-resource.com
Operating Limits
Maximum design temperature is 400oC set by the limits of the gasket material. Special designs without gaskets can operate with temperatures up to 850oC. Maximum design pressure is usually 15 bar, with pressures up to 30 bar attainable with special designs.
engineering-resource.com
Applications
It is ideal for use in the food industry as well as in brewing and wine making. Spiral heat exchangers have many applications in the chemical industry including TiCl4 cooling, PVC slurry duties, oleum processing and heat recovery from many industrial effluents.
engineering-resource.com
engineering-resource.com
Operating Limits
The maximum operating temperature of a plate and shell heat exchanger is 900oC maximum working pressure is 100 bar handle flow rates of 11 litres per second on the shell side.
engineering-resource.com
Principal Applications
The principal applications for plate and shell heat exchangers are: Heating including district heating. Cooling including cryogenic applications. Heat recovery. Combined exchanger/reactors vessels. Condensation/evaporation
engineering-resource.com
engineering-resource.com
more corrosive fluid goes tube-side saves costs when using alloys, cheaper to construct tubes from alloys rather than the shell and tubesheet higher pressure stream goes tube-side small diameter tubes handle stress better than large diameter shells. more severely fouling fluid goes tube-side easier to clean tube-side using high pressure water lance, brushing, chemical cleaning, etc. fluid with lower film coefficient goes shell-side allows use of finned tubing to increase Aoho fluid with low Pmax goes shell side
engineering-resource.com