Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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By-: Johri
Prashant
What is an EV charger?
An electric vehicle charger is responsible for
shopping stores and public places to enable one to charge their electric cars or plug-in hybrids.
vehicle as the driving distance between charges is limited and one would need to charge their electric vehicle before getting 1/1/13
empty, and fill it all the way up. The charging rate rule is: Charge it slower at the beginning and end of the charging cycle (below 20 percent and above 90 percent).
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empty or almost full, its ability to store energy is reduced due to changes in the cells internal resistance these periods causes gassing and increased heating within the battery, greatly reducing its life.
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batterys charging cycle is a critical phase and you want to treat it gently. cycle, you ideally want to charge a battery at no more than this constant-current C/20 rate. To determine the first 20 percent charging current,
charge at up to the C/10 rate. This is the fastest rate that efficiently charges a lead-acid battery. more energy is wasted in heat if you recall the I2R lossesbut it gets the charging job done faster.
during this last 10 percent of charging and your battery is very happy while receiving its full charge.
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Charging Above 100 Percent (Equalizing Charging) It is needed to restore all cells to an equal
state-of-charge to keep the battery operating at peak efficiency. at a constant-current C/20 rate with the charging voltage limit raised to 2.75 volts.
rates greater than C/20. Equalizing charging should be done every 5 to 10 cycles or monthly.
Some Calculations
Now lets look at the time involved in using
the ideal approach to charge our hypothetical 200 ampere-hour capacity battery:
10 amps (C/20) for 5 hours 5 50 AH 20 amps (C/10) for 7 hours 5 140 AH 10 amps (C/20) for 1 hour 5 10 AH Totals: 13 hours 5 200 AH This approach requires 13 hours to charge a
batterys capacity and percent stateofcharge(the area under the line in this case) are shown decreasing linearly versus time from its full charge to its full discharge value. declines from its nominal 2.1-volt fully charged value to its fully discharged value of 1.75 volts. decreases linearly (directly with the
discharging case, except that you have to put back slightly more than you took out (typically 105 to 115 percent more) because of losses, heating, etc.
Specific GravitySpecific gravity increases wildly
over time as a battery is charging, so making specific gravity measurements during the charging cycle is not a good idea. At the early part of the charging cycle, specific gravity increases slowly because the charging chemical reaction process is just starting.
as a battery is charging, so making voltage measurements during the charging cycle is not a good idea either. Notice cell voltage jumps up immediately to its natural 2.1-volt value; slowly increases until 80 percent state-of-charge (approximately 2.35 volts); increases rapidly 1/1/13 90 percent state-of-charge (approximately 2.5 volts); until
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How are EV Chargers or car charging stations classified? Level 1 - Plugs in to 110 V
Level 2- Plugs in to 208-240 V (220 V nominal) Level 3- Plugs in to 440 V The higher the level, the quicker the vehicle
charges. The Level 1 and Level 2 chargers are typical for home use. Level 2 charging stations will be found at retail stores, restaurants and mall. Level 3 are close to being commercial. They are being targeted for quick charge at gas stations.
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Cord
cathode as:
Pb 1 SO4 2e g 4 PbSO4
When discharging, the cathode acquires the
sulphate (SO4) radical from the electrolyte solution and releases two electrons in the 1/1/13 process. These electrons are acquired by the
reverses the electronic flow through the battery and causes the chemical bond between the lead (Pb) and the sulphate (SO4) 1/1/13 radicals to be broken, releasing the sulphate
Gassing
As charging nears completion, another
phenomenon takes place: hydrogen gas (H2) is given off at the negative cathode plate and oxygen gas (O2) is given off at the positive anode plate.
This is because any charging current beyond
that required to liberate the small amount of sulphate radicals from the plates ionizes the water in the electrolyte and begins the process of electrolysis.
While most of the hydrogen and oxygen gas
recombines 1/1/13
Charging station
Electric vehicles typically charge from
conventional power outlets or dedicated charging stations, a process that typically takes hours, but can be done overnight and often gives a charge that is sufficient for normal everyday usage.
of electric vehicle networks within large cities, such as those provided by POD Point in the UK and Europe, electric vehicle users can plug in their cars whilst at work and leave them to 1/1/13 charge throughout the day, extending the
Cost of recharge
According to General Motors, as reported by
CNN Money, the GM Volt will cost "less than purchasing a cup of your favourite coffee" to recharge. drive on electricity, compared with Rs 6.24 a mile on gasoline at a price of Rs 187 a gallon.
you with todays commercially available battery chargers, along with the additional options of the build-your-own approach (using todays advanced electronics components), are the still newer developments coming down the road for tomorrow and beyond.
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Rapid Charging
A number of modern papers have discussed
eight hours is good, then accomplishing the same result in four hours is better. alternating charge and discharge pulses, or just plain high-level DC to accomplish the results.
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Induction Charging
"wireless charging") uses an electromagnetic fieldto transfer energy between two objects. This is usually done with a charging station. Energy is sent through inductive couplingto an electrical device, which then can use that energy to charge batteries or run the device.
coil to create an alternating electromagnetic field from within a charging base station, and 1/1/13 a second induction coil in the portable device
Battery swapping
There is another way to "refuel" electric
vehicles. Instead of recharging them from electric socket, batteries could be mechanically replaced on special stations just in a couple of minutes (battery swapping). metal-air fuel cells usually cannot be recharged in purely electric way. Instead some kind of metallurgical process is needed, such as aluminium smelting and similar.
style battery packs are dropped from their outboard mounting positions and fresh battery packs attached in their place.
This same approach, with neighbourhood
energy stations replacing gasoline stations, also has a role in the future.
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Beyond Tomorrow
more than enough range to carry you to the nearest interstate highway. Once there, you punch a button on the dashboard, an inductive pickup on your EV draws energy 1/1/13
Thank you
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