ARCH 236 Structural Features of four different types of buildings

1- HIGH-RISE BUILDING (THE SHARD TOWER) 2- TRUSSED BEAM (DALLAS COWBOYS STADIUM) 3- STEEL FRAME WORK (SEAGRAM BUILDING) 4- HYBRID STRUCTURE (BRITT SCHOOL)

THE SHARD TOWER

VERTICAL CITY
95-Storey Skyscraper in London
Designed Renzo Piano,an Italian architect 310m in height and fully glass covered 200-bed 5-star hotel, three floors of restaurants, 10 residences, and a public viewing platform.

SHARD CONCEPT

The Shard is an unusual mixture of concrete and steel. a concrete basement, structural steel from ground to level 40, concrete from levels 41 to 69, and steel again from there to the top at level 95.

CONCRETE CORE

The heart of the structure is the reinforced concrete core. It is a rugged and robust structure and is the main stabilizing factor of the Shard. The lower floors of the structure with spans of up to 15 m from perimeter to core. Structural steel columns and beams were the optimal solution for these floors, with plenty of space between the deep beams for the extensive services required.

CONCRETE CORE

In the middle part of the building, maximum span is down to 9 m. Concrete columns and post-tensioned concrete flat slabs are the best solution on these floors. the space between the columns is 6m at base at office level, 3m at hotel and apartment floors and 1.5m at the top radiator levels

at office and hotel levels the floors(SLABS) are 130mm concrete and 500mm steel beams, forming a 630mm structure other levels have post-tensioned concrete floors (PTC) of 200-250mm thickness

THE SITE AND FOUNDATION

SECANT PILE WALL Secant pile walls are formed by constructing interlocked concrete piles
reinforced with either steel rebar or steel beams. Used extensively in dense population areas due to the minimal disturbance they cause to adjacent structures, secant walls are a form of top down construction used for environmental remediation and soil retention.

THE SITE AND FOUNDATION

The perimeter of the building is secured by a wall of concrete secant (touching) piles, 900mm and 1,500mm in diameter 1,800mm diameter piles were excavated to 60m and then reinforcement cages were inserted and filled with concrete.

While the concrete was still wet, hydraulic frames were employed to position 25m plunge columns into the piles. These plunge piles support the ground floor and Basement 2 levels slabs, internal columns of the steel frame and the main core.

DALLAS COWBOYS STADIUM

DALLAS COWBOYS STADIUM

The new Dallas Cowboys Stadium, designed by the HKS Sports & Entertainment located in Texas. Designed to be open or closed, depending on weather conditions, the expansive retractable roof is the largest of its kind in the world and measures approximately 60,000 Sq meter Each panel can open or close in 12 minutes

DALLAS COWBOYS STADIUM

The stadium features two monumental arches, soaring 90 meter above the playing field, which support a retractable roof

DALLAS COWBOYS STADIUM

As the longest single span roof structure in the world, each boxed arch is 10 meter deep by 5 meter wide. The structures span 373 meter in length

DALLAS COWBOYS STADIUM

The stadium features the largest retractable end zone doors in the world. Each has a fiveleaf, clear, retractable opening measuring 36 meter high by 55 meter wide. The five 11 meter panels take only 18 minutes to open or close

DALLAS COWBOYS STADIUM

The elongated arch form stretches 68 meter and is detailed with steel plating

SEAGRAM BUILDING

SEAGRAM BUILDING
Located in the heart of New York City, the Seagram Building designed by Mies van der Rohe epitomizes elegance and the principles of modernism. 38-story building The building became a monumental continuity of bronze and dark glass climbing up 150 meter to the top of the tower

SEAGRAM BUILDING

The Structure is based on a 8.5 meter module which is expressed as colonnade at the base to signal the entrance. most of the structure is concealed behind the curtain wall the steel moment frame structure is embedded in concrete for fire protection and added stiffness

SEAGRAM BUILDING
the core walls have diagonal bracing up to the 29th floor for additional wind bracing concrete shear wall up to the 17th floor provide additional stiffness

SEAGRAM BUILDING DETAIL

BRONZE COVER OF STEEL COLUMN EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE

GLARE REDUCIN G PINK GLASS

AIR CONDITIONING DUCT

THE BRIT SCHOOL

THE BRIT SCHOOL

Located in London Architects : Daniel Connal Partnership state-funded school dedicated to the performing arts, media, art and design and the technologies a central three-storey core surrounded by a two-storey podium. Two contrasting structural systems, the loadbearing core and an exoskeleton framework, support the architectural form

THE BRIT SCHOOL

From its corners, four primary roof trusses cantilever toward external piers located beyond the building envelope, and secondary trusses bear on its side walls to leave the first floor completely free of interior columns.

THE BRIT SCHOOL

The two free-standing concrete masonry piers at the front and back of the building claim space likely to be incorporated into the building at a future date Spaced 20 m apart, too wide to signify entry explicitly, their placement approximates the width of the double-height entry atrium behind them.

TRUSSED BEAM

Eight smaller but similarly tapered piers, some placed well away from the existing building envelope where it steps back in plan towards the core, They support steel frames, some of whose trussed rafters connect directly to the core, and others to the primary cantilever trusses

PLAN

DETAIL

Exposed structure plays numerous architectural roles on the exterior. combination of masonry construction and pier tapering that expresses structural resistance to the outward thrusts from the portal columns suggests a buttressing action. Steel trusses above roof level conceptually as well as structurally tie these external structural elements back to the core, which itself anchors the building visually and physically against lateral loads.