Transformer

Chapter 8

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Chapter Objectives
Define a transformer

Explain working of a transformer and transformer

ratios Describe different types of transformers Describe high frequency transformer and its application Explain the use of transformers in SMPS

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Recall
Inductance causes an induced voltage for a change

in current flow.
Inductor is a device having specific value of

inductance.
A Capacitor is used for storing energy.

Capacitance is the amount of energy stored at a

given voltage drop by the capacitor

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Transformer
A transformer is a device which is used for

transferring electrical energy from one circuit to another through transformer coils. During the transformation process, characteristics of the AC signal changes. For example low voltage AC signal get changed to High voltage AC signal and vice versa.

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Working of a Transformer - I
Transformer action is based on the principle of

the electromagnetic mutual inductance.

When current flows through a conductor, a magnetic

field builds around the conductor. If alternating current is used, the magnetic field builds, collapses, builds again in the opposite direction and collapses again for each cycle of the applied current

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Working of a Transformer - II
When another conductor is placed in this moving

magnetic field, EMF (Electro magnetic force) will be induced into it

In a transformer, two conductors are wound into coils

and placed close together so that one coil is cut by magnetic flux lines of the other

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Working of a Transformer - III

The diagrammatic representation of the working of a

transformer is shown below:

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Question for GD Time Limit 2min

What is the use of transformer

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Hands on
Perform the Step up and step down

transformer practical

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Transformer Ratios - I
Transformers are used to step up or step down

voltage where the ratio of input voltage to output voltage is considered

They can be used to step up or step down current

where the ratio of primary current to secondary current is considered

They can also be used to change the impedance

value in a circuit where the ratio of the input impedance to the output impedance is considered
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Transformer Ratios -II

The types of transformer ratios are as follows:

Voltage Ratio Ep/Es = Np/Ns Power Ratio Pp = Ps Current Ratio Ip/Is = Ns / Np Impedance Ratio Np/Ns = (Zp/Zs)

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Question for GD

Time Limit 2mins

What is transformer ratio?

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Hands on
Measure AC value using oscilloscope

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Types of Transformers - I
The most common types of transformers are as follows:

Power Transformers:- They have ratings of 300 volt-

amperes and below Current Transformers:- It is a measuring device which is used for generating same amount of current in the secondary coil as that flowing in the primary coilToroidal Current Transformers:- It gets their name from the shape of the core that the transformer is wound to

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Types of Transformers - II
Instrument Transformers :- This transformer is

designed to alter the conditions of current or voltage and phase position in the primary circuit with the same accuracy as that of the secondary circuit.
Pulse Transformers:- They are used for transmitting

rectangular electrical pulses. Gate Drive Transformers Trigger Transformers

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Types of Transformers - III

Switching Transformers:-They require switching

action to continue the transformer operation Flyback transformers:- They store the received energy of input power supply and then send this energy to the output Step-up transformers :- In this the secondary voltage is higher than the primary voltage Step-down transformers:- In this the secondary voltage is lower than the primary voltage High voltage transformers:- It converts high level voltage to low level voltage.
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Question for GD

Time Limit 2mins

What is the difference between step up and

step down transformer

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Hands on
Observe the effect of step up and step down transformer on an oscilloscope

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High Frequency Transformers

High Frequency Transformers is a

transformer that works on high frequency ranges.

This transformer has lesser number of

windings in the Transformer coils.

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Application of Transformers - I
Different types of transformers are developed for

various applications. Some of the common applications of a transformer are as follows:

Step - up transformers are used in the computer monitors CRT display tube Step - down transformers are used in the door bells. Power transformers are used for providing electrical isolation between electrical circuits
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Application of Transformers - II

Current transformers are mostly used to effectively sense current with very little insertion loss. High voltage transformers are used in microwave ovens. Larger step down transformers are used in electric power system whereas smaller ones are used in electronic devices.

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Application of Transformers - III

Pulse transformers are also used for transferring non sinusoidal pulses without altering their waveforms. Trigger transformers is used in a circuit in which some actions or events occur. Flyback transformers are used largely in modern TVs, monitors and screens, which use cathode ray tube.

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Hands on
Test the transformer using multimeter

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Use of transformers in SMPS

The High frequency Transformer is the backbone of

the Switched Mode Power Supplies.

In power applications, transformer transforms the

voltage from one value to another.

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Summary - I
Transformer helps in transferring electrical energy

from one circuit to another.

The transformer action is based on a principle called

as electromagnetic mutual inductance.

Power transformers are used for providing power

supply for electronic devices.

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Summary - II
Transformers can be used for passing alternating

current while blocking direct current

Trigger transformer are used in circuits in which

some events are taking place

Trigger Transformers provide voltage isolation

between the primary and secondary side circuit

A transformer in which the output voltage is lower

than the input voltage is called as step down transformer

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Summary - III
A transformer in which the output voltage is higher

than the input voltage is called as step up transformer

Current transformer is used for supplying same

amount of current in the secondary coils as that of the current flowing in the primary coil
Flyback transformers store the received energy of

input power supply and then send this energy to the output

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Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter

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