Advanced Wireless Networks UMTS Overview: Do Not Delete This Graphic Elements in Here

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Advanced Wireless Networks UMTS Overview
9300 W-CDMA UA06 UMTS Overview TMO18023 Edition 1
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009
1 From 2G to 3G 1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements
12
UA06 UMTS Overview 9300 W-CDMA UA06 UMTS Overview
1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements
1.1.1 What Are the 2G Limitations?

2G limitations Rate 9.6kbps SMS
Waste of radio resource (before GPRS)
Not adapted for new services such as video streaming
Large number of 2G systems
=> Lack of compatibility
13
1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements
1.1.2 What Are the 3G Requirements?

3G requirements High speed:

144-384kbps: full coverage and mobility 2Mbps: Limited coverage and mobility
Better spectrum efficiency Worldwide roaming Single system for the following environments: cellular satellite office residential
Flexibility to introduce new services

14
UA06 UMTS Overview 9300 W-CDMA UA06 UMTS Overview All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009
1 From 2G to 3G 1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution
15
1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution
1.2.1 Evolution of the Radio Access Network
2G RAN
R97/98/99 (GSM)
BSS GSM

3G RAN
R99 (GSM)
BSS EDGE

R5 (3GPP)
GERAN EDGE

Up to 160kbps Internet services
Up to 384kbps Internet services
Up to 384kbps Multimedia VoIP
FDMA + TDMA
Radio technique
UTRAN UMTS UTRAN 3G/HSDPA

UTRAN 3G/HSUPA

CDMA
Up to 384kbps Multimedia AMR voice
Up to 10Mbps DL Multimedia
AMR voice then VoIP
Typical: 2 Mbps UL Multimedia VoIP
R99/R3/R4 (3GPP)
16
R5 (3GPP)
R6 (3GPP)
1.2.2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

VMSC/VLR GMSC POTS
CS HLR PS SGSN GPRS backbone

iGGSN
(GSM + GPRS)
IP network
17
1.2.3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

New radio modulation Up to 384kbps
2 generations 2.5G E-GPRS Evolution of GSM radio part

18
3G GERAN Insertion in UMTS solutions
1.2.4 GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN)
GSM
BSC
EDGE
GSM
Iu
UMTS core
EDGE GSM
network
BSC
EDGE GSM
Iu
19
1 From 2G to 3G 1.3 IMT-2000
1 10
1.3 IMT-2000
1.3.1 3G Standardization Bodies

3GPP Members: ETSI (Europe), T1 (USA), TTA (Korea), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CWTS (PRC)

Goal: Global specifications for UMTS networks
3GPP2 Members: TIA (USA), TTA (Korea), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CWTS (PRC)

Goal: Global specifications for CDMA2000 networks
3G.IP Members: AT&T Wireless (USA), BT (UK), Omnitel (Italy), etc.
Goal: Specifications of an all-IP core network standard
3G.IP
1 11
1.3 IMT-2000
1.3.2 Radio and Core Network Subsystems

4 radio accesses
IMT-DS
UMTS TDD
IMT-TC
UMTS FDD-DS
IMT-SC
EDGE TDMA
IMT-MC
CDMA 2000 FDD-MC
GSM MAP
1 12
ANSI-41
2 core networks
1.3 IMT-2000
1.3.3 Subsystems Distribution

China:
GSM
US & Canada: Western Europe:
(95%)
EDGE
UMTS
CDMA
(13%)
GSM
(12%)
GSM CDMA
(52%)
(100%)
CDMA 2000
Japan: PDC
(65%)
EDGE UMTS
CDMA 2000
TDMA
(36%)
EDGE UMTS
EDGE
CDMA
(35%)
Rest of the World:
UMTS
GSM EDGE UMTS

(41%)
CDMA
(35%)
CDMA 2000
TDMA
(24%)
CDMA 2000
UMTS
EDGE
1999 Market GSM EDGE CDMA TDMA UMTS PDC

IMT-2000
UMTS
Share: 65 % CDMA 14 % 122000 % 9%
1 13
1 From 2G to 3G 1.4 3GPP
1 14
1.4 3GPP
1.4.1 Radio Access Ranges
Zone 4: Global Satellite

Zone 3: Suburban
Zone 2: Urban
Zone 1: In-Building
Macro-cell
Micro-cell
Pico-cell
MSS
EDGE
UMTS/FDD
UMTS/TDD or HSDPA/HSUPA
1 15
2 Services and Applications
1 16
2 Services and Applications 2.1 User Equipment
1 17
2.1 User Equipment
2.1.1 Description
User Equipment (UE) Mobile Equipment UICC
UMTS Node B
Cu
USIM 1
UMTS
Hello world
USIM 2
GSM access
GSM BTS
SIM
1 4 7 * 2 5 8 0 3 6 9 #
GSM
Hello world
(ME)
1 4 7 * 2 5 8 0 3 6 9 #
1 18
2.1.2 Some Characteristics

Radio technology Frequency band Power class Supported classmarks Transmission rate class Location FDD or TDD 2100, 1900MHz 1 to 4 (radio transmission power) 1 to 4 (GSM and/or UMTS) 32kbps to 2048kbps no, A-GPS, OTDOA TYPE 1 No measurement on other network Manual Switch Supported classmark 1 Power class 2W 2 0.5W 3 4 0.25W 0.126W
TYPE 2 Measurements on other network

TYPE 3 Plus simultaneous reception TYPE 4 Plus simultaneous transmission
Automatic switch
Rx on GSM and UMTS Tx and Rx on GSM and UMTS
UP 32kbps 64kbps 128kbps 384kbps 768kbps 2048kbps Transmission rate class Down 32kbps 64kbps 128kbps 384kbps 768kbps
1 19
2.1 User Equipment
2.1.3 How to Access Services?

integrated
Probably 2 in 1 distributed
Strong consumer expectation for mobile multimedia
Excellent tool for vertical market applications
Operator / Manufacturer Flagship product (NTT DoCoMo)

1 20
2 Services and Applications 2.2 Types of Services
1 21
2.2 Types of Services
2.2.1 Applications
Always-on applications
Media applications
M-Commerce applications
Hello world
19 2 4# 5 76 83 * 0 Communicating:
Infotainment: Service Provider
Purchasing: Merchant
Users/Machines
User Equipment = always-on device

1 22
User Equipment = information device

User Equipment = store
2.2 Types of Services
2.2.2 QoS Classes

Traffic Class conversational + AMR speech service Video telephony (IETF multimedia architecture): CS: H.324 PS: H.323
Delay sensitive -
streaming interactive
Video on demand

Data integrity sensitive
Location-based services Computer games E-mail delivery SMS Etc.
background
1 23
3 UMTS Architecture
1 24
Objectives
Objectives: To be able to describe the functional architecture of the UMTS network.
Content: 3.1 UTRAN 3.2 Core Network 3.3 Protocols on Iu
1 25
3 UMTS Architecture 3.1 UTRAN
1 26
3.1 UTRAN
3.1.1 The UTRAN in the UMTS Architecture
UMTS PLMN Uu Core network Iu UE

Hello world 3 1 26 4 59 78# *0
PSTN
UTRAN
IP network
1 27
3.1 UTRAN
3.1.2 Functions
UTRAN functions
Radio resource management and control
Mobility procedures
Transfer of data, ciphering / deciphering
Overall system access control
Broadcast / Multicast
1 28
3.1 UTRAN
3.1.3 Architecture
RNS Uu
UE
Hello world
1 4 7 * 2 5 8 0 3 6 9 #
Node B 1 Iub
Serving RNC 1
Iu
Node B 2 Iub
Iur Iu
Core network
Iub
RNC 2 RNS
Node B 3
1 29
3 UMTS Architecture 3.2 Core Network
1 30
3.2 Core Network
3.2.1 Functions
Core Network functions
Management of user location information
Control of network features and services
Communication with RANs and other CNs
Transfer mechanisms (switching and transmission) for signaling and user data
1 31
3.2 Core Network
3.2.2 3GPP R'99/R3 Architecture
ISUP MSC/VLR GMSC C D HLR Gc
PSTN
Iu-CS UTRAN Gs SS7 network
MAP
Gr
CS domain
Iu-PS
SGSN
Gn
GTP IP network GGSN G i
IP network
PS domain
1 32
3.2 Core Network
3.2.3 3GPP R4 Architecture
PSTN
A, Iu-CS
CS-MGW IP, ATM

MSC/VLR BICC
CS-MGW
UTRAN BSS Edge
MSC/VLR
Gb, Iu-PS
MSC server & VLR
HLR
GMSC server
Signaling User data

1 33
IP network SGSN
PS domain
GGSN
3.2 Core Network
3.2.4 3GPP R5 Architecture
PSTN
Iu-CS UTRAN GERAN BSS Edge CS-domain
HSS IMS Iu-PS PS domain IP network
1 34
3.2 Core Network
3.2.5 3GPP R5 Architecture: IMS
IM-MGW MGCF
PSTN
UTRAN GERAN
SIP
Iu PS
CSCF
BGCF
IMS
SGSN GGSN Other PLMN IP network
1 35
PS domain
HSS
4 UMTS Basic Principles
1 36
Objectives
Objectives: To be able to describe the UMTS and CDMA basic principles.
Content: 4.1 CDMA Principles 4.2 Radio Resources: Frequency, Time, Power/Code 4.3 Radio Resource Management
1 37
4 UMTS Basic Principles 4.1 CDMA Principles
1 38
4.1 CDMA Principles
4.1.1 Multiple Access Technique
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
Power
Power
User3 User2 User1
Power / Code
User1 User2 User3
Time
Time
User3 User2 User1
Time
Frequency
Frequency
Frequency
1 39
4.1 CDMA Principles
4.1.2 CDMA Characteristics

1 frequency on all the cells, so the entire bandwidth is used in each cell: Inter-cell interference. Cell orthogonality is achieved by codes.
The entire bandwidth is used by each user at the same time: Intra-cell interference. User orthogonality is achieved by codes.
1 40
4.1 CDMA Principles
4.1.3 CDMA Modes

5-MHz channel FDD mode Code and frequency orthogonality f1 f2
Hello world
Uplink
Downlink
Hello world
1 4 7 *
2 5 8 0
3 6 9 #
1 4 7 *
2 5 8 0
3 6 9 #
5-MHz channel TDD mode Code and time orthogonality
. . .
Hello world
1 4 7 * 2 5 8 0 3 6 9 #
Uplink & Downlink
. . .
Hello world
1 4 7 * 2 5 8 0 3 6 9 #
15 TSs
1 41
4.1 CDMA Principles
4.1.4 CDMA Frequency Range

FDD mode TDD mode Wide CDMA paired bands (2 x 60MHz)
TD/CDMA (Time Division) unpaired bands (35MHz)
TDD
1900 1920
FDD
UL
MSS
1980
UL
TDD
2025
2010 DL 2200
FDD
2110
DL
MSS
2170
1 42
4.1 CDMA Principles
4.1.5 UMTS 900/850MHz

More coverage Better indoor penetration
Site count reduction Better in-building penetration gain

GSM site reuse
64 CSD GHz 2
64 CSD 900 MHz
Our R&D Driver of UMTS 900Hz Specifications at 3GPP

UMTS/HSDPA + 900/850MHz = Winning Combination
1 43
4.1 CDMA Principles
4.1.6 HSDPA: What For?

HSDPA Standardized by 3GPP R5 HSDPA is designed to: Increase the Downlink data throughput over the air interface (theoretical peak user bit rate = 14.4Mbps). Provide instantaneous high data rates in the PS domain (e.g., Internet browsing, video on demand). HSDPA could be deployed in both FDD and TDD modes.
DL
UL
1 44
4.1 CDMA Principles
4.1.7 HSDPA: Better Use of Resources
Classical 3G with Dedicated Channel
HSDPA 3G with a High Speed DL Shared Channel
A shared channel is much more efficient than a dedicated channel to carry bursty packet traffic.
1 45
4.1 CDMA Principles
4.1.8 HSUPA: What For?

HSUPA Standardized by 3GPP R6 HSUPA standardized by 3GPP R6 is designed to increase the Uplink data throughput over the air interface (theoretical peak user bit rate = 5.7Mbps).
Uplink
3GPP Release 6
High Throughputs
Cat. 6 UE: 5.7 Mbps UL Dedicated Channels
Cat. 5 UE: 2 Mbps UL

Throughput & Capacity
1 46
R99 = 384 kbps UL

4 UMTS Basic Principles 4.2 Radio Resources: Frequency, Time, Power/Code
1 47
4.2 Radio Resources: Frequency, Time, Power/Code
4.2.1 Definition
Channelization code example: Spreading factor = 4 UE1 UE2
- CATS EAT MICE

n Chips
0 1 0 1
0011 0010 1011 1010
Scrambling Code A T
2 Scrambling
Power
Power Sbit
Channelization Code
SIR 1 Spreading
n Chips
SAME E-TACTIC
N0
Schip
N0
S
1 48
Spread Signal S
S: Signal level N: Noise level
4.2.2 Multiple Access

Channelization Bit chips
scrambling Mixed chips
modulation
UE1
Noise!
Node B
UE2
1 49
4.2.3 FDD and TDD Modes Characteristics

FDD Multiple access scheme Duplex scheme Frequency bands Bandwidth Chip rate Frame length Slots per frame Inter-BS synchronization Direct-Sequence CDMA Frequency division UL: 1920-1980MHz DL: 2110-2170MHz
TDD TDMA with CDMA in time slots Time division UL:1900-1920MHz DL: optional 2010-2025MHz
Nominal 5MHz 3.84Mcps 10ms 15 Not Needed
Nominal 5MHz 3.84Mcps 10ms 15 Synchronization needed
Multi-rate/variable-rate scheme
Variable spreading factor, multicode

DL: 512 to 4 UL: 256 to 4
Multi-slot, multi-code
Spreading factor Channel coding scheme Bearer capability

1 50
16 to 1 (UL and DL) Convolutional, Turbo Up to 2Mbps
Convolutional, Turbo Up to 2Mbps

4 UMTS Basic Principles 4.3 Radio Resource Management
1 51
4.3 Radio Resource Management
4.3.1 Soft Handover (1/2)
Core network
Iu Iu
RNC1
Iub
Iur
Iub
RNC2
Node B2
Node B3
1 52
4.3.2 Soft Handover (2/2)

Core network
Iu Iu Iur
S RNC1
Iub Iub
D D RNC2 S
Iub Iub
Node B1
Node B2
Node B3
Node B4
5
6
1 53
4.3.3 Power Control (1/2)

Power Control Issue Near-far effect in uplink Minimize the interference level
Hello world
1 4 7 *
2 5 8 0
3 6 9 #
Node B
1 54
4.3.4 Power Control (2/2)

Open loop
Tx power estimation
1 4 7 *
Hello world
Node B
2 5 8 0
3 6 9 #
Closed loop
TPC command SIR > SIRtarget?
Inner loop
SIR > SIRtarget?
Outer loop
SIR
target
Node B
RNC
SIRtarget adjustmen t
1 55
4.3.5 Radio Resources

Concentric Coverage: The coverage is determined by the uplink interference level. Soft capacity: The capacity is determined by the downlink interference level and the code orthogonality. Load of the cell: trade-off capacity/coverage (breathing cells).
1 56
End of Module UMTS Overv iew
1 57
QuizMaker
1 58
Appendix
1 59
Standards: Series 21 to 23
21-Series: Requirements Specifications These specifications are often transient and contain requirements leading to other specifications. They may become obsolete when technical solutions have been fully specified. They could then, e.g., be replaced by reports describing the performance of the system. They could be deleted without replacement or be kept for historical reasons but turned into background material. When found necessary and appropriate, the transient or permanent nature of a requirement specification may be expressed in its scope.
22-Series: Service Aspects Specifications in this series specify services, service features, building blocks or platforms for services (a service feature or service building block may provide certain generic functionality for the composition of a service, including the control by the user; a platform may comprise a single or more network elements, e.g. UIM, mobile terminal, auxiliary system to the core network etc.). Stage-1 aspecs that are felt appropriate belong to this series. Reports defining services which can be realized by generic building blocks etc. also belong to this series. 23-Series: Technical Realization This series mainly contains stage-2 specifications (or specifications of a similar nature describing interworking over several interfaces, the behavior in unexceptional cases, etc.).
1 60
24-Series: Signaling Protocols (UE - CN Network) This series contains the detailed and bit-exact stage-3 specifications of protocols between Mobile Station/User Equipment and the Core Network.
25-Series: UTRA Aspect 25.100-series: UTRA radio performance aspects (radio performance of UTRAN). 25.200-series: UTRA radio aspects ((physical) layer 1 of UTRA). 25.300-series: UTRA radio interface architecture, layer 2 and layer 3 aspects (layer 2/3 of the UMTS radio). 25.400-series: UTRA network aspects (Iub, Iur and Iu interfaces within UTRAN). 26-Series Speech codecs and other codecs (video, etc.).
1 61
27-Series: Data Functions needed to support data applications.
29-Series: Signaling Protocols (NSS) This series contains the detailed and bit-exact stage-3 specifications of protocols within the Core Network. 30-Series: Program Management This series contains the 3GPP 3rd Generation Mobile System, project plans / project work program and standalone documents for major work items. 31-Series: UIM This series specifies the User Identity Module (UIM) and the interfaces between UIM and other entities.
1 62
32-Series: Operation and Maintenance This series defines the application of TMN for the 3GPP 3rd Generation Mobile System and other functions for operation, administration and maintenance of a 3rd Generation Mobile System network.
33-Series: Security Aspects This series contains specifications of security functions. 34-Series: Test This series contains test specifications. 35-Series: Algorithms This series contains the specifications of encryption algorithms for confidentiality and authentication, etc.
1 63
Answer the Questions
1 64
Module Summary
1 65
Discussion or Question
1 66
Self-assessment on the Objectives
Please be reminded to fill in the form Self-Assessment on the Objectives for this module The form can be found in the first part of this course documentation
1 67
References
1 68

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Do not delete this graphic elements in here:

Advanced Wireless Networks UMTS Overview

9300 W-CDMA UA06 UMTS Overview TMO18023 Edition 1

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1 From 2G to 3G 1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements

1.1.1 What Are the 2G Limitations?

Waste of radio resource (before GPRS)

Not adapted for new services such as video streaming

Large number of 2G systems

=> Lack of compatibility

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1.1 2G Limitations / 3G Requirements

1.1.2 What Are the 3G Requirements?

Flexibility to introduce new services

1 From 2G to 3G 1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution

1.2.1 Evolution of the Radio Access Network

Up to 160kbps Internet services

Up to 384kbps Internet services

Up to 384kbps Multimedia VoIP

Up to 384kbps Multimedia AMR voice

Typical: 2 Mbps UL Multimedia VoIP

1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution

1.2.2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

CS HLR PS SGSN GPRS backbone

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution

1.2.3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)

2 generations 2.5G E-GPRS Evolution of GSM radio part

3G GERAN Insertion in UMTS solutions

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1.2 2G-to-3G Evolution

1.2.4 GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN)

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1 From 2G to 3G 1.3 IMT-2000

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1.3.1 3G Standardization Bodies

Goal: Global specifications for UMTS networks

Goal: Global specifications for CDMA2000 networks

3G.IP Members: AT&T Wireless (USA), BT (UK), Omnitel (Italy), etc.

Goal: Specifications of an all-IP core network standard

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1.3.2 Radio and Core Network Subsystems

1.3.3 Subsystems Distribution

Rest of the World:

GSM EDGE UMTS

1999 Market GSM EDGE CDMA TDMA UMTS PDC

Share: 65 % CDMA 14 % 122000 % 9%

1 From 2G to 3G 1.4 3GPP

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

1.4.1 Radio Access Ranges

Zone 4: Global Satellite

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

2 Services and Applications

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

2 Services and Applications 2.1 User Equipment

All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2009

2.1 User Equipment