APPLICATION OF GIS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Naveen Kumar FET/C(S)/029

Outline
What is GIS?
GIS in civil engineering Why GIS? Conclusion Bibliography

GIS for Location Based Services

What is GIS?
(Geographical Information System)

GIS answers the following

Location: What is at...? Where is it? Trends: What has changed since...? Patterns: What spatial patterns exist? Modeling: What if?

GIS for Location Based Services

Scale of GIS data

Global to local

GIS for Location Based Services

Applications of GIS
Technical

Civil engineering, surveying.

Site location, delivery systems, marketing, media and press, real estate. Military operations, geospatial intelligence Federal, state, local, economic development, elections, urban and regional planning. Public health, health and human services, hospitals, managed care, research. Agriculture, archaeology, climate change, conservation, environmental management, forestry, marine and coast, mining, petroleum, water resources. Computer-Aided Dispatch, emergency/disaster management, EMS, homeland security, law enforcement, fire protection, wildfire management Aviation, highways, logistiAcs, railways, ports and maritime, public transit Electric, gas, pipeline, telecommunications, water/wastewater
GIS for Location Based Services

Business
Defense/intelligence Government Health Natural resources

Public safety

Transportation

Utilities/communications

GIS in civil engineering

GIS for Location Based Services

Applications
Transportation Watershed analysis Remote sensing Wastewater, stormwater and Solid Waste Management

GIS for Location Based Services

1. Transportation

Location-Allocation
Finding a subset of locations from a set of potential locations that best serve some existing demand at minimize cost. Locate sites to best serve allocated demand. Application areas are warehouse location, fast food locations, fire stations, schools.

GIS for Location Based Services

Initial Configuration

GIS for Location Based Services

Location-Allocation Inputs
Customer or demand locations. Potential site locations and/or existing facilities. Street network. The problem to solve.

GIS for Location Based Services

Available Sites

GIS for Location Based Services

Location-Allocation Outputs
The best sites. The optimal allocation of demand locations to those sites. Lots of statistical and summary information about that particular allocation.

GIS for Location Based Services

Final Configuration

GIS for Location Based Services

Vehicle Routing

GIS for Location Based Services

Planning locating new roadway corridors

GIS for Location Based Services

Transportation Emergency Operations

Transportation maps which are critical can be made easily. Disaster response plans can be developed. Outside computer models used for advance warnings. Land use maps enhance emergency operations.
GIS for Location Based Services

2. Watershed analysis

Watershed Characterization
Relate physical characteristics to water quality & quantity. Data land use & land cover, geology, soils, hydrology & topography related to hydrological properties.

GIS for Location Based Services

Watershed Applications
Estimate the magnitude of high-flow events, the probability of low-flow events Determine flood zones Identify high-potential erosion areas

GIS for Location Based Services

Slope Stability Analysis

Derive physical characteristics:
Area, perimeter, flow path length, maximum width, average closing angle, watershed topology, soil data.

Derive watershed characteristics:

Watershed boundaries, drainage network, slope & aspect maps.

GIS for Location Based Services

Area of GIS Applications

Area
Facilities Management

GIS Applications
Locating underground boreholes, pipes & cables, planning facility maintenance, telecommunication network services Environmental impact analysis, disaster management and mitigation Locating houses and streets, car navigation, transportation planning Urban planning, regional planning, development of public facilities Taxation, zoning of land use, land acquisition
GIS for Location Based Services

Environmental and Natural Resources Management Street Network Planning and Engineering Land Information

GIS for Location Based Services

Why GIS?

GIS for Location Based Services

Benefits once GIS is implemented

Geospatial data are better maintained in a standard format. Revision and updating are easier. Geospatial data and information are easier to search, analysis and represent. More value added product. Geospatial data can be shared and exchanged freely.

Productivity of the staff improved and more efficient.

Time and money are saved. Better decision can be made.
GIS for Location Based Services

GIS Versus Manual Works

Maps Storage Retrieval Updating Overlay Spatial Analysis Display
GIS Standardized and integrated Digital Database Manual works Different scales on different standard Paper Maps, Census, Tables Expensive & Time consuming Complicated Expensive

Search by Computer Manual Check Very Fast Easy Cheap & Fast

GIS for Location Based Services

Comparison of Information Management

GIS for Location Based Services

GIS for Location Based Services

THANK YOU !!!