WORKPLACE HAZARDS

Dr. Ardini S Raksanagara,dr.,MPH. Public Health Department Faculty of Medicine

Subtopics
Worker Employment Workplace Environment

SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

The student will be able : to recognize workplace hazards (C2)

References

Sumamur, Higene Perusahaan dan Kesehatan Kerja, CV Haji Masagung, Jakarta, 1994 Hal.48

Introduction

In the workplace there are risk factors to the workers

Workers can work better with high productivity if balance is fruitful from many factors

When work is associated with health hazards, it may cause occupational diseases, be one of the multiple causes of other diseases or may aggrave existing ill health of non occupational origin

FACTORS RELATED TO HEALTH AND WORK PRODUCTIVITY

1.
2. 3.

work load additional work load caused by work environment work capacity

1. WORK LOAD
Work

load is a direct load caused by work.

Each work is a work load for the workers.

Types of workload
1.
2. 3.

Physical : building worker Mentally : manager Socially : doctor

2. ADDITIONAL WORKLOAD
CAUSED BY WORK ENVIRONMENT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Physical Factors Chemical Factors Biological Factors Physiological Factors Mental and Sociological Factor

a. Physical Factors
temperature, humidity sound vibration radiation air pressure illumination

b.Chemical Factors
-Gas -Vapor -Clouds -Fume -Smoke -Fluids -Solids -Heavy metals : lead & mercury

c. Biological Factors
Animal plant

d. Physiological Factors

Machine construction Ergonomic

e. Mental and Sociological Factor

work situation relationship between workers and owners

3. WORK CAPACITY

Work Capacity is the ability or workers to complete its task

Factors that influence work capacity :

Skill Fitness Nutrition Gender Age Anthropometry

Strategy for Workplace assessment

1.
2. 3. 4.

Anticipation Recognition Evaluation Control of hazards

Workplace hazards
Type of workplace hazards Recognition of health hazards Evaluation of health hazards Controlling of health hazards

Workplace Hazards
Hazardous Factor 1 Mechanical risk factor Adverse Health Effect or other outcomes Occupational accident and injuries

Physiological strain and heavy physical work

Musculoskeletal disorders Strain injuries. Low Back Pain

Strain injuries Mental stress Lowered productivity and quality of work Noise induced hearing loss

Ergonomic factors

Physical factors e.g noise, vibration

Hazardous Factor

Adverse Health Effect or other outcomes Intoxications, fibroses Cancers, allergies

Chemical hazards

Biological factors

Infections Allergies
Psychic stress Work dissatisfaction Depression Conflict Lowered productivity Lowered quality of work Mental stress

Psychological strain

Psychosocial aspect of work

Recognition of health hazards

1.
2. 3.

Inspection Potential health hazards Techniques used in recognizing health hazards

Evaluation of health hazards

1.
2. 3.

Exposure measurement techniques Interpretation of findings Recommended exposure limits

How to prevent workplace hazard

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Substitution Ventilation Local exhauster Isolation Personal Protective Device Pre-placement health examination Periodically health examination Health and safety education

Controlling hazards in the workplace

1.
2. 3.

Engineering controls Work practice controls Administrative controls

1.Engineering controls
These minimize employee exposure by either reducing or removing the hazards at the source or isolating the workers from the hazards

Engineering controls
Eliminating toxic chemical and substituting non toxic chemicals Enclosing work processes or confining work operations Installing general and local ventilation system

2. Work practice controls

These alter the manner in which a task is performed Some fundamental and easily implemented Work practice controls include :

changing existing work practices to follow proper procedures that minimize exposures while operating production and control equipment Inspecting and maintaining process and control equipment on a regular basis Implementing good housekeeping procedures Providing good supervision Prohibiting eating, drinking, smoking, chewing tobacco or gum and applying cosmetics in regulated area

3. Administrative controls
These include : Controlling employees exposure by scheduling production and task, or both in ways that minimize exposure level. When Work practice or Engineering controls are not feasible or while such controls are being instituted, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used To be effective, PPE must be individually selected, properly fitted and periodically refitted, regularly maintained and replaced as necessary