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Bo co chuyn CNSH 1:
Thuc tr su sinh hc
Cn b hng dn: PGS.TS Nguyn Vn Thnh Nhm 2 1.Kim Anh Khoa 3092409 2.Cao Tn t 3092462 3.Phan Anh Hu 3092399 4.Nguyn Thanh Hong 3092472 5.L Phng Hng 3092403 6.Trn Vn ip 3096815 7.V Long Duyn 3092461 8.Trn Th Leckhana 3092414 9.Nguyn Th Thy Kiu 3092481
Cn Th 9-2010
MC LC
A. T VN B. TNG QUAN V TTSSH
I. nh ngha v c im chung ca TTS II. Tnh hnh s dng TTSSH III. Phn loi TTSSH IV. IPM trong nng nghip V. u nhc im
A. T VN
nc ta, thuc tr su ha hc (TTSHH) & ang c s dng ph bin, rng ri trong hot ng sn xut nng nghip.
A. T VN
Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng ng gp to ln, TTSHH bc l nhng mt tiu cc ca mnh, nh l : - Ph hy mi trng - nh hng n sc khe ngi dn v lin quan ti v sinh an ton thc phm. - Lm mt i 1 s ngun sinh vt c li cho con ngi -Hin tng khng thuc ca su b
A. T VN
p ng yu cu ngy cng tng v nng sn sch, vic sn xut v s dng TTSSH ngy cng pht trin. Nhiu loi thuc tr su sinh hc th h mi tip tc ra i.
Thuc tr su ha hc
Thuc tr su sinh hc
2. Trn th gii
-TTSSH c mt t rt sm v ngy cng pht trin - Hng lot ch phm TSS ra i bng cng ngh hin i
Xu hng mi
Qu trnh sng c th chia ra 3 giai on: th sinh dng, nang bo t, bo t v tinh th.
Ni c t (deltaendotoxin)
D. Bo t ny mm v vi khun sinh si
Thi gian ln men: 48-72h, pH = 7, nhit 30oC Ln men Lc v ly tm Thu sinh khi Hon thin sn phm
Phn loi: 7 nhm + Nhm Baculovirus: + Nhm virus t bo cht Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (CPV): + Nhm Entomopox virus (EV) + Nhm Irido Virus (IV) + Nhm Denso virus (DV) + Nhm RNA + Nhm sigma Virus
Nguyn tc sn xut: - Vic sn xut ch phm thuc tr su virus lin quan mt thit n vic nui su lm vt ch nhn bn virus:
Su k sinh
u trng
Sn phm
Trn u ri lc
Chi Beauveria: c mu trng, trong chi ny c ba loi chnh c kh nng dit su. Tiu biu l Beauveria bassiana
Chi Metarhizium : c mu xanh(Nm xanh), c hai loi nm chnh gy bnh trn cn trng. Tiu biu l Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma)
b. Mt s im c trng: -Xm nhp vo cn trng qua tng cutin ti khp ni gia cc t - Cn trng b nhim nm giai on u trng - Nm sinh trng nhanh, dng bo t tn ti lu trong thin nhin - Tnh c hiu cao i vi mt s loi cn trng nht nh
+ Tc nhn gy bnh:i vi nm Metarhizium th tc nhn gy bnh chnh l mt s ngoi c t Dextruxin A,B,C,D. + C ch gy bnh:Nm Metarhizium gy bnh cho b ry, b xt v b ra Bo t nm cn trng m cao bo t ny mm trong c th cn trng
Nguyn vt liu v dng c: Nm ngun, go, ni hp kh trng, bc nylon, bng keo, dy, n cn, t cy, cn kh trng Cch thc hin:
Go ngm nc Sn phm ro nc Thanh Cho 500g go vo trng mi bc nylon Cy 1/6 da petri nm ngun vo mi bc
Beauveria bassiana(nm trng) - c im hnh thi: Nm Bb sinh ra nhng bo t n bo, khng mu, hnh cu hoc hnh trng, pht trin mnh trn mi trng nhn to hoc trn c th cn trng - c t Beauveria bassiana:
Nhn ging cp 1 trn mi trng SK Hon thin mi trng sn xut (60% cm, 30% ng, 10% tru) 4- 5 ngy (25oC, 80%) Ri ra khay hnh thnh bo t 2- 3 ngy Sy 450C c thng gi trong 7 gi Nghin bi
ng gi, bo qun
Th hiu lc sinh hc
H Steinernematidae
c. ng dng tuyn trng trong phng tr su hi Nhiu ni s dng tuyn trng phng tr su hi vi cc loi : mi, su o ch, su c qu l
ng ch l cc sn phm t:
Azadirachtin (t cy Neem)
Rotenone (t dy thuc c)
Hot cht Rotenone -Rotenone c c lp u tin bi Emmanuel Geoffroy -T nm 1901, ngi Trung Quc bit s dng r cy thuc c (c cha hot cht Rotenone) lm thuc tr su.
1,27 g / cm 3 20 C
165-166 C 210-220 C 0,5 mmHg Ha tan trong te v acetone, t tan trong ethanol
Dd CCl4
ui bt dung mi Kt tinh
Dy thuc c
Dy thuc c
Cy c u( Tephrosia virginiana )
Hoary pea
Mt s sn phm t Rotenone
C35H44O16
720,71 g/mol
Tc ng gy bin dng ca Azadirachtin i vi cn trng(ngi go) a, b, e: u trng, nhng, thnh trng bnh thng. c, d: u trng, nhng d dng. f, g, h: Cc kiu bin dng ca th nh trng
Chit vi Metanol
Cy Neem
3.1 Du khong
- Ch phm du khong dng ha nc phun ln c y tr su (gi l Petroleum Spray Oil) ngy cng s dng ph bin - Tc dng bt l th lm su ngt th m cht, xua ui su trng thnh khng n trng v lm ung trng.. - Khng c vi ngi v mi trng, rt t hi cc loi thin ch
Thuc c tc ng dit su qua ng tip xc, v c v c kh nng thm su, hiu lc dit su nhanh v mnh khng thua km thuc ha hc .
Cht Abamectin hn hp vi du khong lm tng hiu lc dit su do tc ng b sung v kh nng loang tri, bm dnh tt ca du
4.1 Thin ch l g?
L k th t nhin ca su hi cy trng Thin ch khng lm nhim t, nc Khng li d lng hoc mi v Su hi khng khng li thin ch nh chng lm i vi thuc tr su
Nhm n tht
Nhm k sinh
Nhm gy bnh
L vic dng cn trng hu ch kim sot cn trng gy hi Kim sot sinh hc c chia lm ba loi chnh:
B ra vng
B xt m xanh
Nhn mt
B ui km
Sn xut hng lot nhn bt mi, ong k sinh cung cp cho nng dn
Ln u tin, ngi nng dn trng da chut x Vn c, Gia Lm, H Ni a b xt bt mi vo khng ch s lng b tr, lm s lng b tr khng tng vt qu ngng gy hi.
Pheromone (Cht dn d gii tnh) l hp cht ho hc c hot tnh sinh hc tng t nh cht kch thch t ca cn trng
1.IPM l g?
Qun l dch hi tng hp l 1 h thng cc bin php k thut nhm kim sot mc gy hi ca su bnh
- Phng tr dch hi
- Bo v thin ch
- Thi v gieo trng thch hp - S dng ht ging kho, ging chng chu su bnh, ging ngn ngy - Gieo trng vi mt hp l - S dng phn bn hp l
Bin php sinh hc - To mi trng thun li cho thin ch pht trin - u tin s dng cc loi thuc Bo v thc vt sinh hc
1. Bakker M. F., 1993. Selecting phytoiseid predators for biological control with emphasis on the significance of tritrophic interactions. University of Amsterdam 2. Carson Rachel. 1962. Silent spring. 368 pp 3. Cook, R.J. & K.F. Baker, 1983. The nature and practice of biological control of plant pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul: 539 pp 4. DeBach, P., ed., 1964. Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 844 pp 5. Nguyn Ln Dng.1982. S dng vi sinh vt phng tr su hi cy trng. NXB Khoa hc k thut. 168 trang