4.

Tnh ton chn ct

a) Cu to
Cu to chn ct phi m bo c nhim v truyn u ti
trng t ct ln mng, ph hp vi s tnh l ngm hoc khp
v thun tin cho vic lp dng.
V d: chn ct lin
kt khp vi mng
4. Tnh ton chn ct
a) Cu to
V d: chn ct lin
kt ngm vi mng
4. Tnh ton chn ct
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
Tnh ton chn ct bao gm:
Xc nh kch thc bn ,
Xc nh kch thc dm ,
Xc nh cc sn ngn,
cc ng hn lin kt v
bulng neo.
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
- Xc nh kch thc bn
+ B rng bn B chn trc:
( )
; hay
f d f
B b t C B b > + + > + 2 2 2 80 120
+ Chiu di bn L c xc nh theo gi thit ng sut ln
nht ti mp bn t n cng chu p cc b ca b
tng mng.
max b,loc
N M
R
B L B L
o = + s

2
6
- h s ph thuc vo c im phn phi ti trng cc b trn
din tch b p mt, =0.75 khi ti trng phn b khng u.
Rb,loc - cng chu nn tnh ton cc b ca b tng mng.
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
b,loc b b
R R o =
o - ph thuc vo cp bn b tng
Cp bn B15 B20 B25 B30 B35
o 1.0 1.0 0.98 0.95 0.90

b
- h s tng cng b tng khi chu nn cc b
m
b
b
A
A
= 3
A
m
v A
b
l din tch mt mng v din tch bn . Do A
b

cha xc nh nn gi thit
b
=1.21.5. Sau khi xc nh c
L, tnh li
b
.
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
C th xc nh chiu di bn theo cng thc
b,loc b,loc b,loc
N N M
L
B R B R B R
| |
> + +
|
|

\ .
2
6
2 2
Chiu dy bn t
b
c tnh ton theo mmen ln nht cc
bn c phn chia bi thn ct, dm v cc sn ngn
v c xc nh theo cng thc:
max

b b
c
M
t ; t
f

> s s

6
20 40
b
M d o o =
d - nhp tnh ton ca bn (bng cnh ngn ca bn)
o - ng sut ln nht mp bn (tnh ton thin v an ton)
o
b
- h s tra bng ph thuc vo t s gia cc cnh ca bn
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
Tnh ton dm
+ Dm v cc sn ngn, ty theo cu to c th tnh l dm
cng-xn, n gin chu ti trng u phn b u q
s
. Chiu cao
ca dm v sn c xc nh bi iu kin truyn lc ca
ng hn lin kt dm v sn vo thn ct chu ti trng q
s
.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
d s
w w
d s d s d s
min
B
h h t f t
o
|

> + = + 2 2
2
o - tr s ln nht ca ng sut di bn ngay ti dm ,
sn ang xt.
B
d(s)
- b rng truyn ti vo dm , sn ang xt.
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
Tnh ton bulng neo
Nu ct lin kt khp vi mng, bulng neo c bt trc tip vo
bn . Trong trng hp ct lin kt ngm vi mng, tng
cng chng un bulng neo c bt cht vi chn ct thng qua
cc sn hoc dm (Hnh I-92). Bulng neo lin kt vi
sn hoc dm thng qua bn y, .
Bulng neo c tnh vi cp t hp ni lc gy ra lc ko ln
nht chn ct (N
min
, M
max
), vi cp t hp ny ti trng thng
xuyn dng h s tin cy ca ti trng n=0.9
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
Da vo biu ng sut di y bn (Hnh I-94), dng
phng trnh cn bng mmen vi trng tm vng nn, tm lc
ko trong bulng.
b
M N a
N
y

=
a - khong cch t trng tm vng nn n trng tm ct
y - khong cch t trng tm vng nn n bulng neo
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
Khi k n bin dng do ca b tng, ng sut trong vng nn
t n R
n
. Chiu cc lc ln phng ng tm c lc ko trong
bulng.
b
N D N =
D - hp lc ca vng b tng chu nn
n
D l B R o =
o l - chiu di vng nn
( )
n
N e b
l B R
o
+
=

2
2
1 1
l - khong cch t mp bin chu nn n bulng neo chu ko
b) Tnh ton chn ct bn lin c dm
Trong mi trng hp, din tch bulng neo c xc nh:
b
b
ba
N
A
n f
=

1
A
b
- din tch thu hp ca bulng, ng knh ca bulng neo c
tng thm 3mm do k n iu kin chng n mn
(d
min
20mm).
n
1
- s bulng neo 1 pha.
f
bt
- cng chu ko tnh ton ca mt bulng neo.
Chn v b tr 2 hoc 4 bulng i xng.
1.6 Tnh ton x ngang c
1. Tnh ton tit din x ngang
chn cc cp ni lc tnh ton ti cc tit din sau: tit
din ln v nh ca x ngang vt, tit din chn ca tri
(nu c) v tit din nh khung.
Tit din x s b chn khi tnh ni lc khung nn sau
khi c t hp ni lc tin hnh kim tra kh nng chu lc
ca x, nu khng m bo iu kin chu lc v n nh
th phi chn li tit din v xc nh li ni lc.
Ni lc xut hin trong x ngang gm M, N v V. Ph
thuc vo dc mi, x ngang c th phi kim tra theo
- Cu kin chu nn lch tm;
- Cu kin chu un
1. Tnh ton tit din x ngang
Chiu di tnh ton trong mt phng khung lx ly bng
nhp khung L (v nt nh x cng c chuyn v).
Chiu di tnh ton ngoi mt phng un ly ly bng
khong cch gia cc im ngn cn chuyn v theo
phng ngoi mt phng ca x ngang (khong cch hai
im ging mi).
1. Tnh ton tit din x ngang
2. Lin kt ct vi x ngang
Trong nh cng nghip mt tng mt nhp x ngang
thng lin kt cng (lin kt chu mmen) vi ct.
Lin kt c th thc hin theo nhiu cch:
Lin kt x ngang trn
nh ct
Lin kt x ngang bn
cnh ct
Lin kt theo
ng cho
2. Lin kt ct vi x ngang
a) Cu to lin kt nh ct
Lin kt x ngang vi ct thng qua hai bn bch bng
bulng (thng hoc cng cao) c ng knh d=16, 20,
24, 27, 30mm. Bn bch c b rng b
bb
bng b rng ct b
f

v c ko di ra pha cnh ngoi ca ct mt khong l a
b tr thm mt hng bulng.
2. Lin kt ct vi x ngang
Cc bulng pha ngoi (vng chu
ko) b tr t 24 hng, cc bulng
pha trong (vng chu nn) b tr t
12 hng, Khong cch e gia 2
hng bulng vng chu ko v
vng nn phi m bo yu cu cu
to 16d. Khong cch gia cc
bulng ly theo Bng sau:
(mm) a b c g p

s
d 24 105 60 60 100 100 45
d 24 135 80 60 120 120 55
2. Lin kt ct vi x ngang
b) Kim tra lin kt bulng
Mmen gy un lm tch hai bn bch. Coi lin kt xoay
quanh hng bulng trong cng, lc ko ln nht hng
bulng ngoi cng.
Kim tra vi M v N (b qua nh hng ca N khi N<0)
| |

= s

ax
1
2
2
m
b c
tb
i
M h
N N
h
Kim tra vi M v N (N>0)
( )
| |

+
= s

ax 1
2
2
m
b c
tb
i
M h N y
N N
h
2. Lin kt ct vi x ngang
Kim tra vi lc ct V
| |
s
c
vb
V
N
n
h
1
- khong cch hai hng bulng ngoi cng
h
i
- khong cch t hng bulng th i n tm quay
n - s bulng trong lin kt
[N]
vb
, [N]
tb
- kh nng chu ct v chu ko ca bulng

c
- h s iu kin lm vic ca lin kt
2. Lin kt ct vi x ngang
Bn bch phi c chiu dy t
bb
ln truyn lc ko do
mmen vo bulng.
t
bb
=1620mm.
ng hn gc lin kt bn bch vi ct c th tnh gn
ng, coi ng hn gc bn cnh ct chu M v N v
ng hn vi bn bng chu V.
2. Lin kt ni x ngang v nh khung
Tng t nh lin kt x ngang v ct, cc on x c
hn bn bch v lin kt vi nhau bng bulng.
Khong cch cu to gia cc bulng thng ly theo:
(mm) a b c g p s
d 24 115 70 60 100 100 45
d 24 135 80 60 120 120 55
2. Lin kt ni x ngang v nh khung
Cch tnh ton cc lin kt tng t nh cch tnh
ton lin kt x v ct nh trnh by trn.
Ti lin kt nh khung, c V vung gc vi trc x v N
dc theo trc. Chiu V v N ln phng ng s l lc
kim tra ct bulng
( )
o o os sin V c N