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Electrons are moving in different orbits around nucleus. Various orbits can accommodate different no.s of Electrons e.g. 2,8,18,18,32
Atoms have tendency to become stable by accepting or donating electrons from the outer orbits.
Characteristics of Materials
Materials have tendency to release electrons Leather Glass Wool Human hair Aluminum Materials have tendency to accept electrons Hard Rubber Vinyl (PVC) Silver Polyester Acrylic
Plastic drums
Electrostatic Discharge
Accumulated Electrostatic charge can discharge in following ways:Sparks Brush Discharge Corona Discharge Lightning like Discharge.
Electrostatic Discharge
Sparks
Electrostatic Discharge
Brush Discharge
Luminous phenomenon emitted from conductor ends in a gap. Radius of curvature is 0.5cm
Electrostatic Discharge
Corona Discharge
Discharge occurs between conductive point & charged conductors.
Luminous phenomenon emitted from conductive point gives shape of Corona. Radius of curvature is <1mm.
Equivalent Energy<0.1 mJ
Electrostatic Discharge
Lightning Discharge
Discharge occurs similar to phenomenon of lightning. In industry, chances of such discharge are rare
Equivalent Energy=Very High
Discharge can occur in case highly charged dust clouds or betn. two dust clouds
Normal dust>10
Bonding is done on pipe line flanges where there are chances of static charge due to flow of material inside Continuity of bonding strips & clits are to be checked regularly.
Control Measures to Prevent Hazards of Static Charge Avoid Explosive Mixture Formation
Remove Explosive dust, vapors, gases by use of vacuum suction devices Maintain inert atmosphere by nitrogen or other inert gas.
Use nitrogen pressure for charging flammable materials.
Control Measures to Prevent Hazards of Static Charge Keep the velocity low
High velocity causes rubbing action & separation of electrons. Normally 1-1.5 m/sec can be maintained. Turbulence is to be avoided
Control Measures to Prevent Hazards of Static Charge Follow standard procedures / practices
Standard procedures & practices are to be followed while handling static charge generating materials. Plastic drums are not to be used Earthing is to be provided to drums while manual loading/unloading.
Conclusion
Mainly following points/conditions are to be considered for avoiding hazards of Static Electricity
Avoid / Reduce Static charge generation by use of conductive material. Provide proper earthing / bonding for discharge of Static charge generated Avoid Explosive mixture formation in areas where chances of Static charge generation
Case study
Case study