Overview of Substation Equipments

CONTENT
SWITCHING SCHEME POWER TRANSFORMER CURRENT TRANSFORMER POTANTIAL TRANSFORMER ISOLATOR RELAY S CIRCUIT BREAKER BATTERY WAVE TRAP SURGE ARRESTORS EARTH WIRE

SWITCHING SCHEMES IN OUR PROJECT

AIS
765kV & 400kV one & half breaker scheme 220kV Double main & Transfer Scheme 132kV main & Transfer Scheme

GIS
400/220/132/33kV Double Main Bus bar Arrangement

One & Half Breaker Scheme

One & Half Breaker Scheme

Double Main Bus Bar Arrangement

POWER TRANSFORMER
It contains primary winding , transformer coil(inductively coupled coil)& secondary winding. A varying current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, and in the secondary winding.

500MVA single phase auto transformer 500/315/100/60 MVA three phase auto transformer

CURRENT TRANSFORMER
When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer is used. A current transformer has a primary winding, a magnetic core, and a secondary winding. The alternating current flowing in the primary produces a magnetic field in the core, which then induces current flow in the secondary winding circuit Rated Primary current 2000 A/3150A (as applicable) Rated short time thermal 50kA current for 1 sec. Rated dynamic current 125kA (peak) Maximum temperature rise As per IEC: 60044-1 over design ambient temperature Type of insulation Class A

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
When voltage in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a potential transformer is used. Its principle of operation is same as that of power or current transformer. In this transformer the number of turns in secondary winding is less than primary winding.

For high voltage level we are using CVTs while at lower voltage levels electromagnetic PTs

ISOLATOR
It is essentially off load device. Isolators are manually as well as automatically operated. These are fitted on both sides of transformer, circuit breaker or any equipment

Rated Current 3150A Rated short time withstand current 40kA for 1 sec operating time 20 sec or less

RELAY
A relay is a fault sensing device on power system. Many relays use an electromagnetism for switching mechanism. Other types of relays are solid state relay, microprocessor based relay and Buchholz relay.

CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is a fault clearing device. It is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation
Rated voltage 800kV Rated short Circuit current 40kA Rated operating duty cycle O 0.3s- CO- 3min CO

BATTERY
At 400 KV substation two sets of 220v & one set of 48 v . The battery charging equipments comprises of a float charger and a boost charger. Stabilization output voltage is provided in the float charger to float the battery at the correct level. The battery can be boost charging after a prolonged mains failure by the boost charger.

WAVE TRAP
It connected is series with power line. It is basically an inductor of rating in millihenry. It blocks the high frequency carrier waves (24 kHz to 500 kHz) and let power waves (50 Hz - 60 Hz) to pass through.

EARTH WIRE/OPGW
Earth wire in EHV transmission lines is used to provide safeguard against lightening other transient surges and efficient operation of protection system under fault condition.

SURGE ARRESTORS
The protection against transient voltage
surges is provided by surge arrestors. They are usually connected between phase and ground. Surge arrestor discharges current impulse surge to earth and dissipates energy in the form of heat.

Rated arrester voltage 624 kV Nominal discharge 20kA of 8/20 microsecond wave. Current Discharge current at 20kA of 8/20 microsecond which insulation co-ordination wave will be done. Minimum discharge capability 13kJ/kV Continuous operating 490 kV (rms) voltage at 50 deg.C Max. Switching surge residual voltage -at 1kA 1180 kVp -at 2kA 1220 kVp

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