Professional Documents
Culture Documents
March 2013
Sohei SHIMADA
Outlines
Clean Coal Technology System Coal firing power generation technology Pulverized coal combustion/IGCC/IGFC Flue gas treatment technology Ash utilization Future outlook for CCT
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Bituminous coal
-CO2
Anthracite
Technical Measures
Utilization of ash
High Efficiency Pulverized Coal-fired Power Generation Technology (Ultra Super Critical Steam Condition)
The pulverized coal-fired power generation system is widely used as an established, highly reliable technology. In 2000, 600/610C USC (Ultra Super Critical Steam Condition) systems were installed. Further challenges will be to use more types of coal, increase generation efficiency, improve environmental measures and enhance load operability.
5: Reduction of water
consumption
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Utilization of ash
Fields of ash utilization
1)Cement
2)Civil engineering 3)Construction 4)Agriculture/Fishery/Forestry
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Developed
Under dev. PC: Pulverized Coal Combustion PFBC: Pressurized Fluidized-bed Combustion IGCC: Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle IGFC: Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle
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Electrostatic precipitator Flue gas containing ash and dust passes between two electrodes that are charged by a high voltage current. The negatively charged ash and dust are attracted toward and deposited on the cathode. The ash and dust deposited on the cathode are tapped periodically, and are collected in the lower section of the electrostatic precipitator and then subsequently removed. The principle is the same as the phenomenon where paper and dust adhere to a celluloid board electrostatically charged by friction. Flue gas desulfurizer Limestone is powderized to prepare a water-based mixture (limestone slurry). The mixture is injected into the flue gas to induce a reaction between the limestone and the sulfur oxides in the flue gas to form calcium sulfite, which is further reacted with oxygen to form gypsum. The gypsum is then separated as a product. Flue gas denitrizer Ammonia is injected into the flue gas containing nitrogen oxides. The gas mixture is introduced to a metallic catalyst (a substance which induces chemical reactions). The nitrogen oxides in the flue gas undergo catalyst-induced chemical reactions, causing them to decompose into nitrogen and water.
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Dust (mg/Nm3 ) 1960s 1,000 600-800 100-400 36 1980s 50 300 20-100 38 1990s 50 60 20-30 39 2000 50 45 10 41 2005 20 20 10 41 2007(*) construction 10 13 5 41 (*)under Technology target :3 tens
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SOx (ppm)
NOx (ppm)
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The second trend is towards efforts to build a hydrogen energy society, which is the direction the energy sector is expected to move. According to the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis 2000 (IIASA 2000), in terms of the "H/C (hydrogen/carbon)" ratio, global primary energy consumption was on a near-constant increase between the mid-1800s to around 1980. In and after 1980, the H/C ratio remained almost unchanged at around two due to an increase in oil consumption. As a whole, however, the pre1980 trend is expected to resume, leading to a situation where, around 2030, the H/C ratio will equal four. In a society where the primary energy source is shifting from natural gas to hydrogen, energy consumption derived from carbon combustion will finally be discouraged.
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IGCC: Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle IGFC: Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle A-PFBC: Advanced Pressurized Fluidized-bed Combustion
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Society will be forced to deal with CO2 emissions resulting from the direct combustion of coal by heavily relying on CO2 separation, recovery, sequestration and fixation. Thus, there are basically two important clean coal technology challenges. One is to develop a series of upstream technologies to separate, recover, sequester and store CO2 generated through the direct combustion of coal and to collect crude oil and gases.
The other is to build high-efficiency coal utilization technologies, including coal gasification, reforming and conversion technologies, so that the carbon component in coal can be used as fuel or as a feedstock for the chemical industry, thereby reducing CO2 emissions generated through direct combustion.
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