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    linux

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    15 views17 pages

    World Wide Web: Weesan Lee

    Uploaded by

    geongeo
    linux

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 17

    World Wide Web

    WeeSan Lee <weesan@cs.ucr.edu> http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/

    Roadmap

    Introduction HTTP URL HTML CGI Apache Server Installation Squid Cache Server Q&A

    Introduction

    Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989/1990 Client-server architecture Servers

    Apache, Netscape Enterprise Server, MS IIS, etc GUI

    Clients

    Mosaic, Netscape, Mozilla, Firefox, Opera, Konqueror, Epiphany, IE, Safari, etc Link, wget, emacs, telnet, etc

    Text

    HTTP

    Hypertext Transfer Protocol Listen on port 80 or http (/etc/services)

    $ grep " 80/tcp" /etc/services

    http

    80/tcp

    www

    RFC2068 defines HTTP/1.0 RFC2616 defines HTTP/1.1 Built on top of TCP

    HTTP (cont)

    $ telnet www.cs.ucr.edu 80 Trying 138.23.169.15... Connected to www.cs.ucr.edu. Escape character is '^]'. GET / HTTP/1.0 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 16 Jul 2007 20:47:38 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) Last-Modified: Mon, 16 Jul 2007 20:08:44 GMT ETag: "889f0f-d5-71bab00" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 213 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

    URL

    Uniform Resource Locator Eg.


    http://www.cs.ucr.edu:80/~weesan/index.html http protocol/application www.cs.ucr.edu hostname 80 port ~weesan/ - directory Index.html - filename

    URL (cont)

    Other protocols

    file

    file://etc/passwd

    ftp

    ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-12.0/
    https://www.cs.ucr.edu/ mailto:weesan@cs.ucr.edu

    https

    mailto

    HTML

    Hypertext Markup Language Eg. <head>

    <title>A sample HTML</title>

    </head> <body>

    <a href=mailto:weesan@cs.ucr.edu>Me</a>

    </body>

    CGI

    Common Gateway Interface A way to communicate with external programs and generate pages dynamically Example of external scripts/programs:

    Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Bash, C/C++, Cobol, etc


    libphp4.so libphp5.so libperl.so

    Servers support plugins for performance, eg.


    Apache Server Installation

    http://www.apache.org/ $ yum install httpd Files are distributed all over the places

    /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/apachectl /var/www/html/ /var/www/cgi-bin/ /var/log/httpd/access_log /var/log/httpd/error_log

    Apache Server Installation (cont)

    To start the httpd server

    $ /etc/init.d/httpd start
    $ /etc/init.d/httpd restart $ /etc/init.d/httpd stop $ chkconfig --level 2345 httpd on

    To restart the httpd server

    To stop the httpd server

    To start the httpd server on reboot

    Squid Cache Server

    http://www.squid-cache.org/ A free version spawned from Harvest Cache Project from USC, which became NetCache, and 8 months later, it was acquired by NetApp Caches objects locally

    Saves bandwidth Reduces latency

    Fast, not process forking for new connections Supports Hierarchy Caching Listen on port 3128

    Squid Cache Server (cont)


    $ telnet cache.cs.ucr.edu 3128 Trying cache.cs.ucr.edu... Connected to cache.cs.ucr.edu. Escape character is '^]'. GET http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~weesan/cs183/login.php HTTP/1.0 Host: www.cs.ucr.edu

    HTTP/1.0 200 OK Date: Thu, 08 May 2008 07:11:19 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.3 (CentOS) X-Powered-By: PHP/5.1.6 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 X-Cache: MISS from cache.cs.ucr.edu Via: 1.0 cache.cs.ucr.edu:3128 (squid/2.6.STABLE14) Proxy-Connection: close

    Squid Cache Server (cont)

    .edu .com

    .net

    GET http://www.cs.ucr.edu HTTP/1.0

    Squid Cache Server (cont)

    Accelerator Mode

    Reverse Proxy To make web server faster for static pages


    Uses iptables Configuration-free from clients

    Transparent Caching

    Squid Cache Server (cont)

    To create swap directories

    $ squid z Run only once!!! $ RunCache


    $ squid -k reconfiguration $ squid -k rotate

    To run Squid Cache Server

    To reload the configuration

    To rotate the log files

    Reference

    LAH

    Ch 21: Web Hosting and Internet Servers


    http://www.apache.org/ http://www.squid-cache.org/

    Apache Web Server

    Squid Cache Server

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