CELLULAR DIGITAL PACKET DATA(CDPD)

ABSTRACT

Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) is a specification for supporting wireless access to the internet and other public data networks. CDPD transmits digital packet data at 19.2 Kbps, using idle times between cellular voice calls on the cellular telephone network. CDPD technology represent a way for law enforcement agencies to improve how they manage their communications and information system. CDPD technology represent a way for law enforcement agencies to improve how they manage their communications and information systems data transmitted on the CDPD systems travel several times faster than data send using

INTRODUCTION

The Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network is a little over one year old and already is proving to be a hot digital enhancement to the existing phone network. CDPD transmits digital packet data at 19.2Kbps , using idle times between cellular voice calls on the cellular telephone network. CDPD is an overlay to the existing cellular network, which enables users to transmit packets of data over the cellular network using a portable computing device and a CDPD modem. CDPD offers a high-speed, high-capacity, low-cost system with the greatest possible coverage. Additionally data is encrypted for security. CDPD air link transmissions have a 19,200 bps raw data rate. As a tool for transmitting data CDPD utilizes digital networks.

Design Goals

Goals:
Low

speed, high latency data service

intended for paging and email.

Primarily

Provide

broadcast and multiple-access service. Dynamically shared media, always online. Share channels with AMPS allocation Transparency to existing AMPS service

CDPD Infrastructure

CDPD - Layering
Application Transport Network Data link

IP/CLN Connectionless Network Protocol P Subnetwork Dependant Convergence SNDCP MDLP MAC
Protocol Mobile Data Link Protocol Media Access Control

Physical Network layer

Physical
CDPD Layer

Physical

CDPD Physical Layer

30KHz BW channels, shared with AMPS Separate forward and reverse channels
Forward

channel is continuous Reverse channel is multiple access.

Gaussian Minimum-Shift Keying-GMSK

GMSK

compromises between channel bandwidth and decoder complexity.

IP/CLN P SNDCP MDLP

19.2kbps per channel.

MAC
Physical

Data Transmission Format

All links are base to mobile.

Mobile

to mobile goes through base station. Full-duplex; separate forward and reverse links.

Forward link
Continuous

transmission by BS

Reverse link
Shared

multiple access for mobiles. Reverse link activity indicated by BS.

IP/CLN P SNDCP MDLP

MAC
Physical

Forward Link Structure

Source: A. Salkintzis, Packet Data over Cellular Networks: The CDPD Approach

Reverse Link Structure

Source: A. Salkintzis, Packet Data over Cellular Networks: The CDPD Approach

Reverse Link MAC

Near/Far problem
Mobile

may not detect a faraway transmitter. Base station must report busy status.

Protocol:
Digital

Sense Multiple Access Nonpersistant: Checks once for busy state. Slotted: Can only start when BS reports state.

Similar to Ethernet MAC.

IP/CLN P SNDCP MDLP

MAC
Physical

Reverse Link MAC

Source: J. Agostsa et al., CDPD: Cellular Data Packet Standards and Technoloy

Reverse Link MAC

Reverse link idle => can transmit.

Busy

status checked before transmission starts.. Continue burst unless error is indicated. If BS indicates error, assume collision; exponential backoff is used.

Reverse link busy:

Delay

for a random number of slots. Check busy status again.

Mobile Data Link Protocol

IP/CLN P SNDCP MDLP MAC

Source: J. Agostsa et al., CDPD: Cellular Data Packet Standards and

Physical

CDPD - MDLP

Mobile Data Link Layer Protocol (MDLP)

High-level
Similar

data link control (HDLC)

to ISDN HDLC.

Mobile
In

(M-ES) to Infrastructure (MD-IS)

this layer, air link and BS become transparent Connection oriented

MDLP

Frame (message structure)

Address,

control field, information field No checksum; MAC discards incorrect packets.

CDPD - MDLP

Temporary equipment identifier (TEI)

Identifies

destination mobile - virtual address. Assigned by infrastructure.

Packet types
Unacknowledged

information Sequenced information

Sequence

number, ack, timeout Sliding window Selective rejection supported.

CDPD - SNDCP

Subnetwork-Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP)

Between

IP or CLNP and MDLP In both mobile and infrastructure (MD-IS) Segmentation, compression, encryption Questions:
Where

and how to segment data? Where and how to compress data?

IP/CLN P SNDCP MDLP MAC Physical

CDPD - SNDCP

Segmentation
Goal:

to fit the size of underlying frames Two type of headers

Sequenced

headers: headers: Control information.

For compressed, encrypted, and segmented user data.

Unnumbered

Efficiency
Which

consideration (similar to X.25)

layer should segment/assemble messages? Use More indicator to avoid IP fragmentation.

Problems with CDPD

Limited bandwidth
19.2kbps

shared per channel Modern applications demand more bandwidth.

Security:
Man

in the middle identity theft attack IP network attacks Denial of Service attacks easy.

References

J. Agosta and T. Russell, CDPD: Cellular Packet Data Standards and Technology, McGraw Hill, 1996. Y. Frankel et al., Security Issues in a CDPD Wireless Network, IEEE Personal Communications, August 1995, pp. 16-26.

D. Saha and S. Kay, Cellular Digital Packet Data Network, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, August 1997, pp. 697-706.
A. Salkintzis, Packet Data over Cellular Networks: The CDPD Approach, IEEE Communication Magazine, June 1999, pp. 152-159. A. Salkintzis, Radio Resource Management in Cellular Digital Packet Data Networks, IEEE Personal Communications, December 1999, pp. 28-36

THANK YOU