Seminar on THE ESCALATORS

Contents

Introduction Components of the escalators Working of the escalator Advantages Disadvantages Applications Conclusion

Introduction
Charles Seeberger discovered the early escalator in the year 1900. The term escalator, a Latin word which is a combination of elevator and scala.
Escalators,

like moving walkways, are powered by constant-speed alternating current motors and move at approximately 12 feet (0.30 0.61 m) per second.

Definition
An escalator is a conveyor transport device for transporting people, consisting of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks, which keep the treads horizontal.

COMPONENTS OF THE ESCALATOR

The main components of the escalator are Motor drive gear system Landing platforms Truss Tracks Steps Handrail Assembly
truss

Handrail set

Landing platforms
5

Motor drive gear system

The escalators work with the alternating current motors. The range of the motors lie between 50HP to 100HP depending on the type and size of the escalator used and also the area of application. The power consumption for escalators is 3.75kw for small and 8.5kw for medium and large sized escalators.

Landing platforms

These two platforms house the curved sections of the tracks, as well as the gears and motors that drive the stairs. The top platform contains the motor assembly and the main drive gear, while the bottom holds the step return idler sprockets. The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator to the horizontal floor level is 30 degrees with a standard rise up to about 60 feet (18 m).
7

Truss and Tracks

The truss is a hollow metal structure that bridges the lower and upper landings. It is composed of two side sections joined together with cross braces across the bottom and just below the top. The track system is built into the truss to guide the step chain, which continuously pulls the steps from the bottom platform and back to the top in an endless loop.

Steps

The steps themselves are solid, one piece, die-cast aluminum or steel. The steps are linked by a continuous metal chain that forms a closed loop. The front and back edges of the steps are each connected to two wheels. The position of the tracks controls the orientation of the steps.
9

Handrail Assembly
A handrail is simply a rubber conveyer belt that is looped around a series of wheels. This belt is precisely configured so that it moves at exactly the same speed as the steps, to give riders some stability. In an escalator, the handrail is pulled along its track by a chain that is connected to the main drive gear by a series of pulleys. The handrail provides a convenient handhold for passengers while they are riding the escalator.
10

Working of the Escalator

An escalator is a continuously moving staircase. Each stair has a pair of wheels on each side, one at the front of the step and one at the rear. An electric motor turns the drive gears at the top, which rotate the chain loops. A typical escalator uses a 100 horsepower motor to rotate the gears. The motor and chain system are housed inside the truss, a metal structure extending between two floors.
11

HOW DO ESCALATORS WORK?

12

Advantages

Decrease the traffic flow of the people in different crowy areas leading to the comfortability of living. Higher efficiency(). They have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be placed in the same physical space as stairs would be. They have no waiting interval, except during very heavy traffic they can be used to guide people towards main exits or special exhibits.
13

Disadvantages

High cost for the installation. Technical Calculations required are more. Risk factors are more, hence safety measures are to be considered as a very important criterion.

14

Applications

Departmental stores and shopping centers. Public transportation. Factories and other production environments. Military purpose.

15

Conclusion

Escalators are power-driven, continuous moving stairway designed to transport goods, products and passengers up and down in the vertical as well as horizontal distances. They are implemented at places where installation of the elevators are seemed to be impossible and hence playing a vital role in the present era. Hence, in the future, escalators are expected in more different fields of applications.

16

?? ? ??

??

?? ? ??
17

??


18