EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
URBAN DESIGN PROGRAM

ARCH 556: Conservation & Design in Historic Environments Instructor: Prof.Dr. Naciye Doratl Student: Koorosh Ghotb 115125

Revitalizing Intramuros
(Walled city of Manila, Philippines )
2012-2013 Fall Semester

History and Background In the 16th century, the Spanish colonial government established Ciudad Manila
(City of Manila) as its political, religious, and administrative capital in the Philippines. The citys core was the colonial administrative center, which was built within the walled compound of Intramuros (literally, within the walls, but today referred to as the Walled City). Intramuross location was actually the site of Raja Solimans 13th century trading post, which had been surrounded by a wooden palisade and is strategically located on the shore of Manila Bay at the mouth of the Pasig River.

Source: http://travel.nationalgeographic.com

Source: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com

History and Background At the end of the SpanishAmerican War in 1898, Spain relinquished control of
the Philippines to the United States.
Plaza Mayor de Manila in the 18th Century

Source: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com

 In 1944, more than 90% of Intramuros had been Destroyed in World War II

Fort Santiago was built by the Spanish between 1589 and 1592. During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, it was used as prison and the dungeons for torture of the inmates. The fort was heavily damaged by U.S. artillery fire during the Battle of Manila (3.2.1945 - 3.3.1945).

The gate of Fort Santiago during World War The reconstructed gate of Fort Santiago

http://en.tracesofwar.com

http://en.tracesofwar.com

Revitalizing Program
In 1966, the Intramuros Restoration Committee (IRC) was formed with the goal of restoring the city. In 1972 With the imposition of martial law, IRC was abolished, and responsibility for restoring and managing Intramuros passed to the Intramuros Administration. From its founding in 1979 until 1986, the Intramuros Administration aggressively carried out restoration work on Intramuross fortifications. This included: archival research archaeological excavation preparation of restoration plans site clearing and construction adjusting restoration plans as archaeological finds produced additional information for restoration works. In 1973, the government of Spain presented the initial plan for Intramuross restoration as a historic district was the Tourism Development Plan for Intramuros, Manila to the Government of Philippines.

The Aduana, Past and Present

San Ignacio Church, Past and Present

Revitalizing Program
In 1980, the plan was revived and updated as the Intramuros Development Plan, with the goal of restoration and development of Intramuros as a functional community. In 1992, Intramuros Urban Development Plan was completed by various restoration, planning, and development control regulations relating to Intramuros. Following annunciation of the Intramuros Urban Development Plan of 1992, the Intramuros Administration began implementing land resource management techniques to facilitate Intramuross revitalization. These included: purchasing historic sites and structures for later use as offices consolidating lots to provide room for large-scale projects acquiring properties of historical and cultural significance swapping privately-owned land within Intramuros for government-owned land outside the area as a means of implementing its transfer of development rights scheme. The positive impact of these techniques is visible in Intramuross northeastern sector. Sites and ruins of major heritage structures have been cleared of illegal settlers and properly protected.

 At the turn of the 21st century, the Philippines taipans* expanded their corporate activities to support major academic institutions.

Land Ownership in Intramuros 1%

Church
Owner
Church Government (excluding walls, golf course, and parks)

Area (m)
68,625.9 0

17% Government (excluding walls, golf courses, parks) Private and corporate

17%
68,717.7 3

65%

Private and corporate

Unknown

253,202. 20
3,215.20

*In the Philippines, the term taipan refers to a highly successful Filipino businessperson of Chinese origin.

CHECKLIST FOR: Intramuros

High DYNAMICS OF PLACE Static Declining Physical Functional OBSOLESCENCE Locational Image REGENERATI ON STRATEGIC APPROACH DIVERSIFICAT ION RESTRUCTUR
Because of was there are no appropriate image of the city after war the city was declined for years About 90% of city was destroyed in world war II Most of building was destroyed

Trying to bringing back the entire fabric

ING
ORGANIZATIONA

PUBLIC PUBLICL PRIVATE PRIVATE INCENTIVES SUBSIDIES

Government was purchased historic sites and structures for later use by fair price . Most of the city was regenerated by Intramuros Administration . Philippines taipans was expanded their corporate activities to support major academic institutions

IMPLEMENTATI
ON