Chng 7: CM BIN (SENSOR)

Ging vin: NINH VN TIN

Ni dung

7. 1 Khi qut 7.2 Cm bin tim cn

7.1 .KHI QUT

7.1.1 Khi nim & phn loi 7.1.2 Phn loi cm bin 7.1.3. ng cong chun ca cm bin

7.1.1 Khi nim

Cm bin l thit b dng cm nhn bin i cc i lng vt l v cc i lng khng c tnh cht in cn o thnh cc i lng c th o v x l c. Cc i lng o (M) thng khng c tnh cht in (nh nhit , p sut, trng lng) tc ng ln cm bin cho ta i lng c trng (S) mang tnh cht in nh (nh in tch, in p, dng in hay tr khng) cha ng thng tin cho php xc nh gi tr ca i lng . c trng (s) l hm ca i lng cn o (M) S = F(M) Ngi ta gi (S) l i lng u ra hoc phn ng ca cm bin. (M) l i lng u vo hay kch thch ( c ngun gc i lng cn o). Thng qua o c (S) cho php nhn bit gi tr (M)

7.1.2 Phn loi cm bin

Cc b cm bin c phn loi theo c trng sau y: Theo nguyn l chuyn i gia p ng kch thch. Phn loi theo dng kch thch Phn loi theo phm vi s dng Phn loi theo thng s m hnh mch thay th

Theo nguyn l chuyn i gia p ng kch thch

Hin tng Chuyn i v p ng kch thch Vt l - Nhit in; - Quang in; - Quang t - in t; - Quang n hi; - T in - Nhit t....

Ho hc
Sinh Hc

- Bin i ho hc ; - Bin i in ho - Phn tch ph.. - Bin i sinh ho; - Bin i vt l. - Hiu ng trn c th sng

Phn loi theo dng kch thch

m thanh in T Quang C -Bin pha, phn cc; -Ph; -Tc truyn sng -in tch, dng in; -in th, in p -in trng; -in dn, hng s in mi -T trng; -T thng, cng in trng; - t thm -Bin, pha, phn cc,ph; -Tc truyn -H s pht x, khc x; -H s hp th, h s bc x -V tr; -lc ,p sut; -Gia tc, vn tc -ng sut, cng; -Moment; -Khi lung t trng -Vn tc cht lu, nht -Nhit ; -Thng lng; -Nhit dung, t nhit

Nhit

Bc x

-Kiu; -Nng lng; -Cng

Theo tnh nng ca b cm bin

nhy chnh xc phn gii chn lc tuyn tnh Cng sut tiu th Di tn tr

Theo tnh nng ca b cm bin

nhy chnh xc phn gii chn lc chnh xc tuyn tnh Cng sut tiu th Di tn

tr Kh nng qu ti Tc p ng n nh Tui th iu kin la chn Kch thc, trng lng

Phn loi theo phm vi s dng

Kh nng qu ti Tc p ng n nh Tui th iu kin la chn Kch thc, trng lng

Phn loi theo phm vi s dng

Cng nghip Nghin cu khoa hc Mi trng, kh tng Thng tin, vin thng Nng nghip Dn dng V tr Qun s

Phn loi theo thng s m hnh mch thay th

Cm bin tch cc u ra l ngun p, ngun dng (NPN, PNP) Cm bin th ng c c trng bi thng s R, L, C, M..tuyn tnh hoc phi tuyn ng cong chun ca cm bin l ng cong c biu din s ph thuc vo i lng in (S) u ra ca cm bin vo gi tr ca i lng o (m) u vo.

7.1.3. ng cong chun ca cm bin

ng cong c biu th biu din bng biu thc i s di dng S = F (M) hoc bng th sau y:
s
s

a)
Hinh 1:ng cong chuan cua cam bien

b)

7.1.3. ng cong chun ca cm bin

Dng ng cong chun Da vo ng cong chun ca cm bin, ta c th xc nh gi tr chun Mi cha bit ca M thng qua gi tr o c Si ca S d s dng, ngi ta thng ch to cm bin c s ph thuc tuyn tnh gia i lng u ra v u vo, phng trnh S = F(M) c dng S = AM+B vi A,B l cc h s, ng cong chun l ng thng

7.2 CM BIN TIM CN

7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6

c im Cc thut ng thng s dng Cm bin tim cn cm ng Cm bin tim cn in dung Cm bin quang Cc ng dng cm bin trong cng nghip

7.2.1.c im

Pht hin vt khng cn tip xc Tc p ng nhanh u cm bin nh c th lp t nhiu ni C th s dng trong mi trng khc nghit

7.2.2. Cc thut ng thng s dng

Vt chun (standard sensing object) Khong cch pht hin (sensing distance) Khong cch ci t (Setting distance) Thi gian p ng (Response time) Tn s p ng (Response Frequency)

Vt chun (standard sensing object)

Mt vt c l vt chun nu hnh dng, vt liu kch c ca vt liu phi ph hp pht huy ht c tnh k thut ca sensor.

Khong cch pht hin (sensing distance)

l khong cch t b mt cm bin u sensor ti v tr vt chun xa nht m sensor c th pht hin c.

OFF ON oi tng Cam Bien Khoang cach Phat hien Be mat cam bien bien Cam bien tiem can

Khoang cach Reset

Khong cch ci t (Setting distance)

l khong cch t b mt cm bin u sensor ti v tr vt cm bin sensor c th pht hin vt n nh (thng khong cch ny bng 7080% khong cch pht hin)

Khoang cach cai at

Cam bien tiem can

oi tng cua Cam Bien

Ngo ra Be mat cam bien

Khoang cach c lng

Thi gian p ng (Response time)

Dai hoat ong Cam bien tiem can

oi tng cua Cam Bien

Ngo ra Be mat cam bien Trong dai hoat ong Ngoai day hoat ong ON

OFF

T1

T2

T1: Khong thi gian t lc i tng chun chuyn ng i vo vng pht hin ca sensor ti lc u ra ca sensor ln ON T2: Khong thi gian t lc i tng chun chuyn ng i ra khi vng pht hin ca sensor ti khi u ra ca sensor tt v

Tn s p ng (Response Frequency)

l s ln tc ng lp li khi cm bin i vo vng hot ng ca senso

f =1 T1 +T2

2M M zM Khoang cach cam bien T1 T3 T2

Vat cam bien

7.2.3 Cm bin tim cn cm ng

Cm bin cm ng t gm c 4 khi chnh: Cun dy v li Fefit mch dao ng mt pht hin mt u ra

7.2.3 Cm bin tim cn cm ng

Mch dao ng pht dao ng in t tn s radio. T trng bin thin tp trung t li st s mc vng qua i tng kim loi t i din vi n. Khi i tng li gn s c dng in Foucaul cm ng ln trn mt i tng to nn mt ti gm tn hiu dao ng. B pht hin s pht hin s thay i trng thi bin mch dao ng. Mch pht hin v tr ON pht tn hiu mt u ra v tr ON T trng do cun dy cm bin thay i khi tng tc vi vt th bng kim loi. Do , loi cm bin ny ch pht hin vt th bng kim loi.

7.2.3 Cm bin tim cn cm ng

c im: Pht hin vt khng cn tip xc u cm bin nh c th lp t nhiu ni Tc p ng nhanh Lm vic trong mi trng khc nghit Lm vic theo nguyn l cm ng t, do d b nh hng ca ngun nhiu hay nh hng ca ngun k sinh

7.2.3 Cm bin tim cn cm ng

Cm bin s dng in p mt chiu khong 10-30VDC, u ra cm bin chu dng in nh (ti a khong 200mA), o thng u ni ra thit b trung gian (rle trung gian, b iu khin cm bin . . . . )

Mt s hnh nh cc loi cm bin cm ng t

Mt s hnh nh cc loi cm bin cm ng t

Mt s hnh nh cc loi cm bin cm ng t

Mt s hnh nh cc loi cm bin cm ng t

7.2.4. Cm bin tim cn in dung

Cm bin tim cn in dung khi c mt ca i tng lm thay i in dung C ca bn cc. Cm bin tim dung gm 4 b phn chnh: Cm bin (cc bn cc cch in); mch dao ng; b pht hin; mch u ra. Tuy nhin cm bin dung khng i hi i tng lm bng kim loi. i tng pht hin l cht lng, vt liu phi kim, thu tinh, nha. Tc chuyn mch tng i nhanh, c th pht hin i tng c kch thc nh, phm vi cm nhn ln. Cm bin in dung chu nh hng bi bi v m. Cm bin in dung c vng cm nhn ln hn vng cm nhn ca cm bin in cm

Mt s hnh nh cc loi cm bin in dung

Mt s hnh nh cc loi cm bin in dung

Mt s hnh nh cc loi cm bin in dung

7.2.6 Cm bin quang

Nguyn l hot ng: Khi chiu vo ngun sng thch hp vo cm bin, tnh cht dn in ca cm bin thay i, lm mch tn hiu cm ng thay i theo. Nh vy thng tin nh sng c chuyn thnh thng tin ca tn LED hiu in.
AU PHAT
AM P

AM P

A U THU
PhotoTransistor

V A T T H E

7.2.6 Cm bin quang

u pht ca cm bin pht ra mt ngun sng v pha trc. Nu c vt th che chn, ngun sng ny tc ng ln vt th v phn x ngc li u thu, u thu nhn tn hiu nh sng ny v chuyn thnh tn hiu in. Tu theo lng nh sng chuyn v, m chuyn thnh tn hiu in p v dng in v khuych i thnh tn hiu ra. (Hnh 6.1)

7.2.6 Cm bin quang

ien ap ien ap

OK Mc ngng

NG

Cng o sang Lng anh sang nhan ve c chuyen thanh tn hieu ien ap hoac dong ien, sau o c khuyech ai

Cng o sang Cam bien se xuat tn hieu ra bao co vat neu tn hieu ien ap ln hn mc ngng

Hnh 6.2

7.2.6.1 Nguyn tc o ca cm bin quang dch chuyn

nh sng t ngun sng c tp trung bi thu knh hi t v chiu thng vo vt. Tia sng phn x t vt c tp trung ln dng c cm bin v tr (PSD: position sensing device) bng thu knh thu. Nu v tr vt ( khong cch n thit b o) thay i, hnh nh v tr vt hnh thnh trn PSD s khc i v nu trng thi cn bng ca hai ng ra PSD thay i nh v tr vt hnh thnh trn PSD s khc i v trng thi cn bng ca 2 PSD cng thay i.

7.2.6.1 Nguyn tc o ca cm bin quang dch chuyn

Nu 2 ng ra l A v B, tnh A/(A+B) v s dng cc gi tr thch hp tng h s k v Offset C. A Khong dch chuyn = .K-C A B

Gi tr o lng ca ri ( sng) nhng 2 ng dch chuyn A v B, v chnh v vy nu cng nh sng nhn c v khong cch n vt thay i kt qu ng ra tuyn tnh tng ng s thay i khong cch v thay i v tr

7.2.6.2 Phn loi

7.2.6.2.1 Cm bin quang thu pht c lp (Thought Beam) 7.2.6.2.2 Cm bin quang pht thu chung (Retro Replective) 7.2.6.2.3 Cm bin quang khuych i ( Diffuse Replective) 7.2.6.2.4 Cm bin quang phn x gii hn (Limited Reflective)

7.2.6.2.1 Cm bin quang thu pht c lp (Thought Beam)

c im: tin cy cao Khong cch pht hin xa Khng b nh hng bi b mt, mu sc vt
Khoang cach phat hien au phat au thu

7.2.6.2.2 Cm bin quang pht thui chung (Retro Replective)

c im: D lp t. B nh hng bi mu sc, b mt vt, nn . . .

au phat va au thu

Khoang cach Phat hien

Gng

7.2.6.2.3 Cm bin quang khuych i ( Diffuse Replective)

c im: D lp t. B nh hng bi mu sc, b mt vt, nn . . .

Khoang cach phat hien

Vat

7.2.6.2.4 Cm bin quang phn x gii hn (Limited Reflective)

c im: Ch pht hin vt trong vng pht hin gii hn Khng b nh hng bi mu nn pha sau cm bin L tng cho nhiu ng dng cn trit tiu nn
au thu va au phat Khoang cach phat hien Truc thu

Truc phat

Vat
Nen

7.2.6 Cc ng dng cm bin trong cng nghip

S a dng v chng loi trong cc sn phm cm bin p ng c nhiu ng dng chuyn su trong lnh vc t ng ho cng nghip. Mt vi ng dng in hnh... Pht hin mn trong Pht hin du/vt trn nn Pht hin dy bng Pht hin bng nim phong trn np l/hp Pht hin nhn bng plastic bng trn giy Pht hin np nhn trn chai nc Pht hin chai PET

7.2.6 Cc ng dng cm bin trong cng nghip

Pht hin mu bnh trn bng chuyn Phn bit chiu cao ca np Pht hin mc sa/nc tri cy bn trong hp Cm bin pht hin mu o ng knh ca ng Kim tra hin tng thng np thic, np nhm Pht hin np l b lng Kim mu, pht hin chiu quay ca vin pin Pht hin lon kim loi

Pht hin mn trong

E3S-R12 l sensor chuyn dng pht hin cc mn trong sut vi tin cy cao. Cc sensor quang thng thng khng th xc nh c chnh xc nh vy.

Pht hin du/vt trn nn

E3X-DA l sensor c n led mu /mu xanh dng hoc xanh l cho php pht hin tng phn gia cc im, cc vt mu trn nn. Ngi k s rt d vn hnh nh nt Tech trn sensor.

Pht hin dy bng

Bao thuc l c bc bi mt v bc nylon sng mu v c 1 dy bng d dng bc lp bao ny ra. C th dng sensor trong trng hp ny pht hin dy bng ny c nm ng v tr hay khng. E3C-VM35R rt nh, c th pht hin vt th c kch tht nh n 0,2mm. N cng phn bit c s khc bit rt nh v mu sc.

Pht hin bng nim phong trn np l/hp

Np l/hp c bc bi mt lp plastic bo v nim phong ngn khng kh, v bc ny rt mng, trong sut, v bng lng. Mt sensor truyn thng khng th pht hin c chnh xc i tng c bng cao nh vy. Omron sng ch ra loi sensor c th p ng c yu cu trn l: E3X-NL11 dng vi u E32-S15L1 vi tin cy cao

Pht hin nhn bng plastic bng trn giy

Nhn giy bng plastic c phn x rt cao m cc loi sensor trc y khng th pht hin c. Sensor E3X-NL11 vi u fiber E32-S15L-1 ca OMRON c th c dng pht hin cc vt th bng long nh trong trng hp ny.

Pht hin np nhm trn chai nc

Nhim v l pht hin np nhm trn chai nc. E2CYC2A l sensor tim cn chuyn pht hin vt th bng nhm vi tin cy cao. N rt d ci t, ch cn n nt TEACH trn b khuych i.

Pht hin chai PET

Chai PET thng rt mng v cha nc hoc cht lng trong sut. Hnh dng ca chai l hnh trn hoc hnh vung vi cc g cnh. Do vy, vic dng cc loi sensor quang thng thng pht hin s khng tin cy. Omron pht trin 1 loi sensor c bit dng cho mc ch ny l model E3Z-B vi tin cy cao.

Pht hin mu bnh trn bng chuyn

Pht hin mu bnh, ko vi kch tht v hnh dng, mu sc khc nhau m khng cn phi ci t, thit lp phc tp. E3S-CL l loi Photosensor ca OMRON vi khong cch pht hin xc nh v iu chnh c d dng.

Phn bit chiu cao ca np

E3G-L1 l loi photosensor t c khong cch th h mi. N c th pht hin 1 cch chnh xc s khc bit d l nh nht v chiu cao vt. Hot ng ca sensor khng b nh hng bi mu sc, cht liu, nghing dc, bng v kch tht vt th. C th d dng chnh c khong cch pht hin ca sensor bng nn hin th kp.

Pht hin mc sa/nc tri cy bn trong hp

Pht hin sa/nc tri cy bn trong hp mu trng, khng trong sut (hp ng np). E3Z-T61 vi tia sng mnh, c th xuyn qua lp v bc giy bn ngoi ca hp v do c th pht hin c sa/tri cy c bn trong hp giy hay khng. E2K-C l sensor tim cn cng sut ln, n cng c th pht hin c c cht lng bn trong hp hay khng.

Cm bin pht hin mu

Nhim v l pht hin bn chi nh rng v phn loi cc mu khc nhau. E3MC l loi sensor mu, n rt d dng nhn bit mu ca vt theo yu cu (c chc nng Teach). Tn hiu ra ca E3MC c th ni vi b iu khin phn loi, xc nh li

o ng knh ca ng

Sensor laser vi tia sng song song Z4LC l loi cho php o ng knh ng vi chnh xc cao m khng cn tip xc.

Kim tra hin tng thng np thic, np nhm

Bng cch kim tra lm ca np. Sensor lazer ZX c th phn bit c chnh lch chiu cao rt nh, do vy khi np b dp (do thng l) hay li ln, u ra s c cnh bo ngay vi tc hot ng kh cao

Pht hin np l b lng

Pht hin np l b lng vi Z4LB-S10V2 ca loi sensor thng minh ZX-LT vi tia lazer song song c th pht hin c np l b lng hoc cc ng dng tng t chnh xc ti vi micromet.

Kim mu, pht hin chiu quay ca vin pin

Sensor F10 hot ng trn nguyn tc bt hnh v so vi mu lu. Do ta c th kim tra sn phm c hnh nh khng ng nh mu lu (hnh b quay, nghing, sai loi)

Pht hin lon kim loi

Pht hin cc lon kim loi ang di chuyn trn bng chuyn. E2EV l loi cm bin tim cn cm ng t, c th pht hin tt c cc kim loi, ngoi ra cn c loi sensor pht hin st t(E2E) v sensor ch pht hin nhm/ng l E2EY.