Robotics & Artificial Intelligence

By: Ashwini Kumar Singh Adeline Vinitha Rodrigues Ankit Bhatia

Robotics
Serving Humanity..

A Short History..

Programmable devices Repeating machines

Micro processor controlled

AI
Enhancing Robotics..

Intelligence..
Natural Vs Artificial

A I

Can Machines be made intelligent..??

Vs

Can we build hardware as complicated as the brain..??

A I

Human Brain
Neuron 1012 neurons

A Complex computer
Transistor >108 transistors

1014 synapses
1 ms cycle time

1012 bits of RAM

1 ns cycle time

Conclusion:
YES: in the near future But building hardware is different from making it behave like brain

AI involves...
Ability to interact with the real world Reasoning Planning Learning

A I

Adaptation

Can Computers recognize speech..??

Difficulties:

A I

Mapping sounds into a list of words Large vocabularies Accents Background noise

Can Computers recognize speech..??

Difficulties:
E.g.

A I

1. Johns car has a flat tire. 2. Dessert vs. Desert

Conclusion:
NO, normal speech is too complex to accurately recognize YES, for restricted problems (small vocabulary, single speaker)

Can Computers SEE..??

Difficulties:
Mapping a 2d image to 3d map Visual Recognition E.g.

A I

Conclusion:
NO: computers can only see objects YES for certain constrained problems (e.g., face recognition

Can Computers learn & Adapt..??

YES, computers can learn and adapt

A I

Difficulties:
Memory Capacity
Combinatorial Explosion

Can Computers plan & make optimal decisions..??

Difficulties:

A I

Common sense The world is not predictable E.g. Booking a holiday ticket to Singapore

Conclusion:
NO, not todays computers

Computing AI..

A I

LISP
(LISt Processing Language)

PROLOG
(LOGic PROgramming language)

Ideology..

A I

Cybernetics + Bionics + Nano Computing =

BIOROBOTICS

Success Stories...
Deep Blue Ultra HAL

A I

Stanley

Success Stories...
KISMET NEXI

A I

ASIMO

Applications of AI..
Medical diagnostics Space walks

A I

Traffic control
Toys Gaming

References..
ONLINE

OFFLINE
Bender, Edward AMathematical Methods in Artificial Intelligence Bezdek. J. C., Ed., Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function. Charniak, E. and McDermott, D., Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Dean, T., Allen, J. and Aloimonds, Y., Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Practice Haugeland, J., Ed., Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea

A I

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/
http://www.aaai.org/ http://computer.org/tpami/ http://www.eccai.org/ http://www.wikipedia.org http://encarta.msn.com/ http://www.formal.stanford.edu http://oai.dtic.mil/