Introduction to

The Actiflo Process

- a compact solution for treatment of drinking water, process water and wastewater

Actiflo

Actiflo

is a combination of:

- Chemical precipitation

- Micro-sand enhanced flocculation

- Lamella sedimentation

Actiflo - the Principle

Coagulant

Micro-sand

Polymer

Water

Primary particles

Floc

Actiflo - Floc

150 m

Actiflo - Consumables
Coagulant
Aluminium based
Iron based

Flocculant
Organic polymer
Anionic, non-ionic or cationic

Micro-sand
Ordinary silica sand
Effective size ~120 m

Electricity

The Actiflo Process

Sludge Hydrocyclone Micro-sand M M M M

Treated water

Coagulant Water

Coagulation

Injection

Maturation

Lamella sedimentation

Polymer

Actiflo - Design Criteria

Drinking water Retention time: Coagulation Injection 2 min. 2 min.

Wastewater

1 min. 1 min.

Maturation
Overflow rate:

6 min.
40 - 60 m/h

2 min.
80 - 120 m/h

Actiflo

Special Components

Actiflo - Sand Scraper

Scrapes the micro-sand and sludge to the centre of the lamella settler

Actiflo - Recirculation Line

Transports the micro-sand and sludge from the lamella settler to the hydrocyclone Sand pump
Centrifugal pump with rubber lining Controlled flow proportional to inlet (approx. 4-6%)

Piping
Made of PE (poly-ethylene)

Actiflo - Hydrocyclone

Separates the micro-sand and the sludge by means of the centrifugal force
Sludge
Micro-sand and sludge

Micro-sand

Actiflo - Lamellas
Short distance of sedimentation Laminar upflow Made of plastic

Actiflo - Dosing of Reagents

Coagulant
Dosed directly by pumps

Polymer Matured in a preparation unit Micro-sand Dosed directly

Actiflo

Characteristics

Actiflo - Characteristics

High treatment efficiency Efficient use of chemicals

Compact system
Short start-up time Stable process Versatility

High Treatment Efficiency

Wastewater CSO Suspended solids COD Total phosphorus 80-98% 65-90% 50-95% Primary 75-90% 55-80% 50-95% Tertiary 50-80% 20-50% 50-95%

Recipient water

Drinking water

70-90% 55-70% 50-90%

Orthophosphate
Turbidity

50-98%
-

50-98%
-

50-98%
-

50-98%
-

< 99.9%

Efficient Use of Chemicals

Price (EUR) Coagulant Flocculant Sand Electricity Total 10 g Fe/m3 1.0 g/m3 4 g/m3 30 Wh/m3 1.30 cent/m3 0.40 cent/m3 0.03 cent/m3 0.20 cent/m3 1.93 cent/m3

Electricity Sand

Flocculant

Coagulant

Compact System

Conventional (2 m/h) Lamella type (20 m/h)

Short Start-up Time

300 250

Inlet

SS, mg/l

200 150 100 50 0 0 5 10 15 20

Outlet

Time, min.

Stable Process

350 300 250

Inlet

SS, mg/l

200 150 100 50 0

Outlet

:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 0:00 2:00 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 0:00 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 Time

Krgers Package Plants

Actifloc (One line)

Model AFP1 AFP2 AFP3 AFP4 m3/h 40 80 160 320 Model APW1 APW2 APW3 APW4

Actiflo (One line)

m3/h 40 80 160 320 Model APWW1 APWW2 APWW3 APWW m3/h 80 160 320 640

APW: Drinking water and process water type, APWW: wastewater type

Applications
Drinking water
Surface water
Ground water Wash water from filters

Wastewater
Primary Tertiary By-pass

Industry
Process water

Actiflo - Installations
Drinking water
More than 170 installations Smallest plant: 25 m3/h (Pakua Shipu, Canada) Biggest plant: 40,000 m3/h (Selangor, Malaysia)

Wastewater
More than 70 installations Smallest plant: 60 m3/h (Toyobo, Japan)

Biggest plant: 110,000 m3/h (Acheres, France)

Industry
More than 50 installations

Actiflo

Investigations

Actiflo - Investigations

JAR-tests
Performed in laboratory
Indication of efficiency

Actiflo - Investigations

Pilot studies
Performed on-site
Process optimisation Necessary dosing Efficiency More than 40 studies performed by Krger
Capacity : 30-120 m3/h

Actiflo - Pilot Studies

Drinking water Wastewater

Actiflo

Selected Pilot Studies

Jaslo, Poland
Drinking water

Jaslo, Poland
Drinking water

Dosages

Coagulant: 1.0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.30 mg/l

Influent Turbidity Suspended solids Colour COD Aluminium 4-730 NTU 4-834 mg/l 18-45 mg/l 5.4-31.1 mg/l 0 mg/l

Effluent 0.22-2.8 NTU 0-1 mg/l 1-5 mg/l 2.0-2.7 mg/l 0.05 mg/l

Removal 96-99% 99-100% 89-94% 61-93%

ZWA Brauchwasserwerk Kriebethal, Germany

Process water

ZWA Brauchwasserwerk Kriebethal, Germany

Process water

Dosages

Coagulant: 1.0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.30 mg/l

Influent Turbidity COD Suspended solids 41-110 NTU 24-87 mg/l 110-310 mg/l

Effluent 0.7-1.0 NTU 7-9 mg/l 5-15 mg/l

Removal 97-99% 70-89% 95%

Karlskoga, Sweden
CSO

Karlskoga, Sweden
CSO

Dosages

Coagulant: 20.0-35.0 mg Fe/l Polymer: 1.00-1.25 mg/l

Influent Effluent 5-20 mg/l 50-120 mg/l 25-60 mg/l 0.1-0.5 mg/l 0.05-0.25 mg/l 35-40 mg/l Removal 90-99% 60-80% 75-85% 90-99% 90-98% 15-20%

Suspended solids COD BOD7 Total P Ortho P Total N

100-1,600 mg/l 200-500 mg/l 110-330 mg/l 4-10 mg/l 2-4 mg/l 40-50 mg/l

Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Wasserwerk Friedrichshagen, Germany

Filter backwash water

Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Wasserwerk Friedrichshagen, Germany

Filter backwash water

Dosages

Coagulant: 6.0-10.0 mg Fe/l Polymer: 0.25-0.30 mg/l

Influent Turbidity Suspended solids Mn Fe 168-660 NTU 100-190 mg/l 2.1-5.1 mg/l 30-74 mg/l

Effluent 0.7-2.5 NTU 0.4-3.1 mg/l 0.1-0.17 mg/l 0.32-0.64 mg/l

Removal 99% 97-99% 96-99% 99%

Kalmar, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary

Kalmar, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary

Dosages

Coagulant: 2.0 4.0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.70 mg/l

Influent Suspended solids Total phosphorus Orthophosphate 2-6 mg/l 0.6-1.6 mg P/l 0.4-1.5 mg P/l

Effluent 2-4 mg/l 0.1-0.2 mg/l 0.03-0.10 mg P/l

Removal 0-50% 80-90% 90-95%

Actiflo

Selected Full-scale Installations

GELITA Sweden AB
Process water Capacity: 320 m3/h
Contract signed in June 2004 Package plant in one line

Start-up in January 2005

GELITA Sweden AB
Process water, 320 m3/h

Dosages

Coagulant: 5.0 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.20 mg/l

Influent Turbidity COD-Mn Total colour Filt. colour 5-11 NTU 11 mg/l 100-150 mg Pt/l 100 mg Pt/l

Effluent 0.3-0.4 NTU 2.0 mg/l 2.5-10 mg Pt/l 2.5-5.0 mg Pt/l

Removal 90-97% 80% 90-98% 90-97%

Eslv, Sweden
Wastewater
Capacity: 250 m3/h Contract signed in April 2004

Package plant in two lines

Start-up in January 2005

Eslv, Sweden
Wastewater, 250 m3/h

Dosages

Coagulant: 40-80 mg Fe/l Polymer: 2.0 mg/l

Influent Suspended solids COD-total Total-P N-kj. 240-810 mg/l 18-22 mg P/l 90-100 mg N/l

Effluent 40-100 mg/l 3-5 mg P/l 20-35 mg N/l

Removal 75-95% 25-70% 70-85% 70-80%

1,200-2,500 mg/l 400-1,600 mg/l

Bckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden

Process water, 2.000 m3/h

Bckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden

Process water, 2.000 m3/h

Raw water

7,5 m

Process Water

31 m

Bckhammars Bruk, Kristinehamn, Sweden

Process water, 2.000 m3/h

Dosages

Coagulant: 6-7 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.3 mg/l

Influent Effluent <0,3 FTU <10 mg Pt/l 10-15 mg/l 20 mg/l Reduction 90-95% 70-80% 70-80% -

Turbidity Colour COD KMnO4 Temperature

140-200 mg Pt/l 45-60 mg/l 80-110 mg/l 1oC

Bors, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary

5,400 m3/h

2,700 m3/h

2,700 m3/h

27 m

Existing lamella separators

53 m

Effluent
6.3 m

Bors, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h

Bors, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h

Dosages

Coagulant: 6-10 mg Al/l Polymer: 0.7-1.0 mg/l

Influent Suspended solids Total phosphorous Ortho-phosphate 5-50 mg/l 0.7-1.5 mg P/l 0.2-1.0 mg P/l

Effluent 3-10 mg/l 0.05-0.20 mg P/l 0.01-0.15 mg P/l

Removal 40-80% 85-95% 85-95%

Bors, Sweden
Wastewater, tertiary, 2,700 m3/h

Actiflo
Conclusion

Versatile process

Some of the advantages are :

Compact system small foot print low installation costs High treatment efficiency superior effluent quality Flexible process easy to optimise Short start-up time almost no dead time Stable process handles extreme conditions Simple easy to operate

Well documented efficiency

More than 300 installations since 1991 (~ 970.000 m3/h)