I.

V tr v cu hnh electron nguyn t

II. Tnh cht vt l, ng dng

III. Tnh cht ho hc IV. Trng thi t nhin V. iu ch

I. V tr v cu hnh electron nguyn t

* Nu v tr ca Cacbon trong BTH? * Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t? * Cho bit cc s oxi ho thng gp ca cacbon?

Em hy k tn mt s dng th hnh ca cacbon m em bit?

Cc dng th hnh ca cacbon

Kim cng

Than ch

Fuleren

* Cc loi than khc nh than m (than bo), than g, than xng, tha mui, than hot tnh, b hng, nh ni, gi l Cacbon v nh

* Cc dng th hnh ca cacbon c tnh cht vt l khc nhau. Tiu biu l kim cng, than ch, fuleren.

II. Tnh cht vt l, ng dng

Hy quan st m hnh cu trc tinh th kim cng, than ch, fuleren . Kt hp vi nghin cu mc II v IV trong SGK hon thnh cc phiu hc tp Cu trc lp
Cu trc hnh cu rng

Cu trc T din u

Cu trc tinh th Cu trc tinh th than ch kim cng

Cu trc tinh th Fuleren

II. Tnh cht vt l, ng dng

Nhm 1,2,3 tho lun nhm hon thnh phiu hc tp 1
Kim cng Cu trc Tnh cht vt l ng dng Than ch Fuleren

Nhm 4,5 tho lun nhm hon thnh phiu hc tp 2

Cacbon v nh hnh Than cc ng dng

Than g
Than hot tnh Than mui

Phiu hc tp 1:
Kim cng Cu Trc Tnh cht vt l
Cu trc t din u Tinh th khng mu, khng dn in, khng dn nhit, rt cng

Than ch
Cu trc lp. Cc lp lin kt yu vi nhau Tinh th mu xm en, dn in tt (km kim loi). Mm Dng lm in cc, lm ni nu chy hp kim chu nhit, ch to cht bi trn, lm bt ch en

Fuleren
Cu trc hnh cu rng Mu en, xp, C kh nng hp th cht kh, cht tan

Dng lm trang ng sc, ch to mi dng khoan, dao ct thu tinh, bt mi

Dng trong chng ct du m

Cu trc T din u

Cu trc lp

Cu trc hnh cu rng

Cu trc tinh th kim cng

Cu trc tinh th than ch

Cu trc tinh th Fuleren

Mt s hnh nh v ng dng ca kim cng

Tn sc nh sng

Mi khoan

Kim Cng

Dao ct thu tinh

trang sc

Mt s hnh nh v ng dng ca than ch

in cc trong pin

Than ch

Lm bt ch

Cht bi trn

Phiu hc tp 2:
Cacbon v nh hnh Than cc Than g Than hot tnh ng dng

Dng lm cht kh trong luyn kim, luy kim loi t qung

Dng ch to thuc n en, thuc pho, Dng lm mt n phng c v dng trong cng nghip ho cht Dng lm cht n cao su, sn xut mc in, Xi nh giy,

Than mui

Mt s hnh nh v ng dng ca cacbon v nh hnh Than hot tnh

Mt n phng c Lc nc

Khu trang

Than g
Thuc n, thuc pho Trng phong lan

Mt s hnh nh v ng dng ca cacbon v nh hnh

Than mui
Xi nh giy Mc in

Than cc

Luyn kim

Thp

III. Tnh cht ho hc Phiu hc tp 3:

1. Da vo s oxi ho ca cacbon em hy d on tnh cht ho hc ca cacbon? Tr li: * Cc s oxi ho thng gp ca cacbon: -4 ; 0 ; +2 ; +4 Do cacbon c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh * Tuy nhin tnh kh vn l tnh cht ch yu ca cacbon

* Trong cc dng th hnh ca cacbon th cacbon v nh h hot ng hn c v mt ho hc.

2. Hy dn ra cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho cho cc tnh cht ho hc ?

III. Tnh cht ho hc

Tnh kh Tc dng vi O2
0 0 C + O 2 t0 +4-2 CO 2 (to nhi t)

Tnh oxi ho Tc dng vi H2

0 0 t0 xt C + 2H2 -4+1 CH4 Metan

+4 0 t0 CO2 + C

+2-2 2CO

(thu nhi t)

Tc dng vi hp cht nh HNO3, Tc dng vi kim loi H2SO4 c, KClO3, cc oxit 0 0 +3-4 st, CuO, PbO, ZnO, t0
4Al + 3C
0 +5 C + 4HNO3 t0 +4 +4 CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O

Al4C3 nhm cacbua

0 +2 C + CuO

t0

0 +2 Cu + CO

IV. Trng thi t nhin: Cacbon tn ti c dng t do v hp cht - Tn ti dng t do nh kim cng, than ch, cc loi m than - C trong cc khong nh: Canxit, magiezit, olomit, - Thnh phn cu to nn cc hp cht c trong du m, kh - C trong cc hp cht cu to nn c th thc vt, ng thin nhin
vt

olomit Canxit (CaCO ) Magiezit(MgCO ) 3 3 Kh thin nhin Kim cng t nhin T bo bch cu Than ch T bo nm Du m (CaCO .MgCO
3

V. iu ch:

* Than m c khai thc t cc va than * Than g c to nn khi t chy g trong iu kin thiu khng kh. *Than mui c iu ch khi nhit phn mtan c xc tc t0; xt CH4 C + 2H2

Than m

10000C khng c khng kh

Than cc
2500-30000C khng c khng kh

Kim cng

20000C, xt Fe, Cr, Ni 50.000 - 100.000 atm

Than ch

 nc ta c rt nhiu m than. Trong tp trung nhiu nht l b than ng Bc, ko di 200 km t o Ci Bu (Qung Ninh) qua Bc Giang, n Phn M (Thi Nguyn). B than ny chu nh hng mnh m ca ng t v ni la nn b bin ho mnh thnh than antraxit (than gi). Ngoi ra cn c cc m than khc Thanh Ho, Ngh An, Qung Nam, Nng

Khai thc g

t g

Ly than

Tm tt bi th 6, Chu k 2, nhm IVA Tc dng vi O2

Tnh kh

(ch yu)

Cacbon
Tnh oxi ho

Tc dng vi mt s hp cht khc nh oxit kim loi, HNO3, H2SO4 c, KClO3, .

Tc dng vi kim loi Tc dng vi hiro

Dng th hnh: -Kim cng; than ch; fuleren; -Cacbon v nh hnh Cc dng th hnh ca cacbon c tnh cht vt l khc nhau

Bi tp cng c
Bi 1: Kim cng v than ch l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon, nhng li c nhiu tnh cht khc nhau nh cng, kh nng dn in, A. Chng c cu to t cc nguyn t khc chng c tnh cht khc nhau l do: nhau B. Kim cng l kim loi, than ch l phi kim C. Chng c cu trc tinh th khc nhau D. Kim cng cng cn than ch th mm

Bi tp cng c
Bi 2: Cho cc phn ng sau:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 0 t0 +4 C + 2S CS 2 0 +2 t0 2C + SiO2 Si + 2CO

0 +2 t0 3C + CaO CaC2 + CO 0 xt t0 -4 C + 2H2 CH4 -4 0 t0 C + Ca CaC2 +2 0 t0 2C + 2H2O 2CO + 2H2

S phn ng trong C th hin tnh kh l: A. 3 B. 4 C.5 D.6

Bi tp cng c
Bi 3: Khi un than t ong trong phng kn, nhit cao sn phm no thu c nhiu hn? A. CO2 B. CO C. Lng CO v CO2 thu c nh nhau. D. Khng xc nh c

Bi tp cng c
Bi 4: Cho 3,6 gam C tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng d, sau phn ng thu c V lt hn hp kh (ktc). Gi tr A. 22,40 lt B. 20,16 lt C. 13,44 lt D. 6,72 lt ca V l:

Tr li

0 +6 C +2H2SO4

c nng

+4 +4 CO2 +2SO2 +2H2O

Ta c s mol hn hp kh =3nC = 3.3,6/12=0,9 mol => V = 0,9.22,4 = 20,16 lt

Bi tp cng c
Bi 5: Da vo tnh cht ho hc no ca C than s dng trong nh my nhit in, nh my luyn thp?

Nh my nhit in Ph Li Nh my luyn thp Thi Nguyn Tr li: Da vo tnh kh ca C: - t chy than to ra rt nhiu nhit - Dng than cc kh st ra khi cc oxit st

Bi tp cng c
Bi 6: t chy a gam cacbon bng oxi thu c hn hp kh A. Cho kh A i qua bt CuO d t nng thu c kh B duy nht. Cho kh B li qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 15 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l: A. 3,6 gam B. 36 gam C. 18 gam D. 1,8 gam

Hng dn hc nh

Lm cc bi tp trong SGK trang 70 Chun b bi 16: Hp cht ca cacbon