ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM
Effects of unplanned development and mismanagement of the ecosystem

Greenhouse effect and thinning of the ozone layer

Proper management of development activities and the ecosystem

Cause and effect Soil erosion Impact on ecosystem Flash flood Landslide Eutrophication Global warming Ozone depletion Climate change Extinction of living things Deforestation Pollution
Sources of pollution Effects of pollution

Implementation of laws Use of technology Education on the management of resources Preservation and conservation of soil, water, forests and mangrove swamps Practice of biological control Use of renewable energy Efficient use of energy

Types of pollution

Air Water Thermal Noise

Human health Habitat of animals and plants Buildings Agriculture climate

Effects of Unplanned Development and Mismanagement of the Ecosystem

Species extinction Soil erosion Flash floods landslides Deforestation Climatic changes Green house effect
Ozone depletion

Acid rain
Air

Eutrophication

Water Pollution Thermal

Sound

Deforestation
The act of clearing of the forest by cutting down trees for its valuable timber, and for building of roads, houses, industrial estate and so on.

Soil Erosion / Landslide

SOIL EROSION

Water Pollution
The sources of water pollution: Effluent from industrial and domestic sources. Agricultural waste. Discharge of untreated sewage. Leaching of heavy metals from underground lead pipes. Oil spills in the sea.

Water Pollution

Eutrophication
Enrichment of an aquatic system with organic material or inorganic nutrients, causing an excessive growth of aquatic plant life

Eutrophication
Leaching of inorganic fertilisers / input of untreated sewage / run off animal waste Increase in mineral nutrients into bodies of water Algae bloom (rapid growth of algae) Restricts the penetration of light into the water Death of other aquatic photosynthetic plants and algae Decomposition by bacteria (rapid growth of bacteria) Bacteria use up oxygen BOD level increase Aquatic organisms die

B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)

Refers to amount of oxygen consumed by aquatic organisms per litre of water. B.O.D. water pollution

Air Pollution
Pollutants Carbon monoxide (CO) Sources Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels Factories Effects Combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin which reduce the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen, causes dizzines and headache, slow down the brain. Irritates and damages the lining of eyes, air passages and lungs, cause acid rain that may cause skin diseases.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Oxides of nitrogen Dust , dirt, smoke, soot and haze Lead Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Factories

Damages tissues of lung (bronchitis), irritate the eyes, lower the body defence against flu, acid rain.
Irritates the eyes, cause conjunctivitis, asthma and bronchitis Disrupt the ability of body to produce new cells, cause retardation of brain in children. Causes emphysema

Factories, exhaust Car exhaust combustion of fossil fuels

API

A system adopted by Malaysia Government to indicate the level of air pollution based on its health impact
API (Air Pollution Index) 0 50 51 100 101 200 Descriptor Good Moderate Unhealthy

201 300
> 300

Very unhealthy
Hazardous

Air Pollution

ACID rain
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Caused by: Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2)
Combine with water vapour in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively. They fall back on earth as acid rain.

Noise Pollution
When the noise of the surroundings become excessive and disturbs the comfort of living. Sources: aeroplane, trains, construction works wheels and factory machines, vehicles along the roads.

Noise intensity of daily human activities

Carbon dioxide (60%) Methane (15 - 30%) Nitrous oxide (15%) CFC (12%)

Global temperature increase parallels the increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

The Thinning of The Ozone Layer

mainly due to the increasing levels of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in the atmosphere
CFC uses as coolants in air conditionals and refrigerators, as propellants in aerosol cans and as foaming agents in making Styrofoam packaging

OZONE DEPLETION

Effects of Ozone Depletion

Proper management of development activities and the ecosystem

Implementation of laws Use of technology Education on the management of resources Preservation and conservation of soil, water, forests and mangrove swamps. Practice of biological control Use of renewable energy Efficient use of energy