Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Schedule
Lectures:
Weeks 1-3(Wed 3-5): Timber, aluminium, glass and precast Weeks 4-9(Mon 10-11, Fri 3-4): Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete
Tutorials:
Alternate weeks, weeks 4-9, Thursday 5-6pm, commencing Groups 1-20 in week 4 of term, in Joly Theatre
Concrete Laboratory:
Each laboratory group on either Monday or Thursday, for one week only, as per timetable
Section A:
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
Concrete
Basic Materials: Fresh Concrete Properties: Hardened Concrete Properties: Concrete Mix Design: Reinforced Concrete: Pre-stressed Concrete:
What is Concrete?
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world Concrete is a construction material composed of crushed rock or gravel and sand bound together with a hardened paste of cement and water.
Concrete History
Concrete History
Aquaducts
Concrete History
Colleseum
Concrete History
Pantheon
Concrete History
Eddystone Lighthouse John Smeaton (1756)
Concrete History
Joseph Aspdin Patent (1824)
Concrete History
Reinforced Concrete Flower Pot (Joseph Monier 1867)
Concrete History
Weavers Mill Swansea (1898)
Concrete History
Freysinnet
Concrete History
Hoover Dam
Concrete History
Astrodome
Concrete History
Toronto Tower
Section A.1
Basic Materials
1. Cement 2. Water
3. Aggregates
4. Admixtures
Section A.1
1. Cement
Basic Materials
(OPC)
(RHPC) (SRPC) (WPC)
Cements in Europe are classed as CEM1 (OPC or RHPC), CEM2-4 (OPC with limestone, PFA or GGBS) in varying proportions pre-blended
Section A.1
1. Cement
Basic Materials
Chemistry of OPC
Section A.1
1. Cement
Manufacture
Basic Materials
Section A.1
Basic Materials
1. Cement Manufacture
Section A.1
1. Cement
Basic Materials
Section A.1
1. Cement
Basic Materials
Pulverised-fuel ash cements (latent hydraulic binder) From burning pulverised coal in power station furnaces Reacts with calcium hydroxide (lime) to from cementitious material
Resistant to sulphates but not resistant to strong acids Reduced early heat of hydration Reduced early age strength
Section A.1
1. Cement
Basic Materials
Blastfurnace Slag Cements (latent hydraulic binder) By-product of iron smelting, quenched slag forms granuels
Generally blended with OPC up to 35% Reduced early age strength Reduced early heat of hydration
Section A.1
Basic Materials
Section A.1
Basic Materials
Section A.1
Basic Materials
Section A.1
1. Cement
Basic Materials
Delivery & Storage Usually packaged in 25kg bags or transported in bulk tankers
Retail price 5 Warehouse set
Basic Materials
Section A.1
Hydration
Basic Materials
Setting and hardening results from a chemical reaction between the cement and the water, not from a drying process.
The reaction is exothermic and is irreversible. The heat produced is known as the Heat of Hydration C3A and C3S are the compounds primarily responsible. The paste is usually workable up to two hours before it begins to harden Strength gain is initially rapid becoming progressively less rapid Strength gain continues indefinitely provided moisture is present. Curing
Section A.2 Fresh Concrete Properties 2. Cement hydration and heat generation
Section A.1
Basic Materials
Basic Materials
Gravels, crushed rock and sands that are mixed with cement and water to produce concrete. Coarse aggregates are those that do not pass through a 5mm sieve. Fine aggregates are those that pass through a 5mm sieve. Generally make from 50% to 80% of the concrete mix. Used to reduce cost and modify and imporve properties like strength and drying shrinkage.
Basic Materials
Quality Requirements Durability Hard Adequate Strength No deletrious material free from chemical impurities free from organic material free from dust excessive washing is not the answer avoid silica acid aggregates.
Cleanliness
Basic Materials
Most gravels and crushed rock Divided into coarse and fine Weak porous solids Good thermal properties radioactive screening
Basic Materials
Must be used with care as excessive amounts can have adverse effects on the concrete
Water-repelling admixtures Can improve impermeability of concrete in basements and water retaining structures
No substitute for sound concrete