Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • TCD Materials A1 (2007)UNIT I SURVEYING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS Foundations: Types, Bearing capacity – Requirement of good foundations Superstructure: Brick masonry – stone masonry – beams – columns – lintels – roofing – flooring – plastering Can we go to secondary processing? Paints - a viable industry in NL till 1988: ceased to exist due to takeover of industry - Components of paint : Vehicle (film-forming substance - Cellulose nitrate, vinyl chloride, polyurethane or epoxy resins), Solvents (water, hydrocarbons, turpentine, alcohols, ketones, ester, ethers, etc.) - Pigments (coloring agents - iron oxides (hematite, magnetite), chromium oxide, etc.)

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Ndran
    26 views44 pages
    A – CIVIL ENGINEERING (For circuit branches) L4 T0 P0 C 4 We build because little that we do can take place outdoors. We need shelter from sun, wind, rain, and snow. We need dry, level platforms for our activities. Often we need to stack these platforms to multiply available ground space. On these platforms, and within our shelter, we need air that is warmer or cooler, more or less humid, than outdoors. We need less light by day, and more light by night, than is offered by the natural world. We need services that Surveying: Objects - types – classification – principles – measurements of distances – angles – leveling – determination of areas – Diesel, Hydro-electric and Nuclear power Plants – Merits and Demerits – Pumps and turbines – working principle

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    A – CIVIL ENGINEERING (For circuit branches) L4 T0 P0 C 4 We build because little that we do can take place outdoors. We need shelter from sun, wind, rain, and snow. We need dry, level platforms for our activities. Often we need to stack these platforms to multiply available ground space. On these platforms, and within our shelter, we need air that is warmer or cooler, more or less humid, than outdoors. We need less light by day, and more light by night, than is offered by the natural world. We need services that Surveying: Objects - types – classification – principles – measurements of distances – angles – leveling – determination of areas – Diesel, Hydro-electric and Nuclear power Plants – Merits and Demerits – Pumps and turbines – working principle

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    26 views44 pages

    TCD Materials A1 (2007)UNIT I SURVEYING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING MATERIALS Foundations: Types, Bearing capacity – Requirement of good foundations Superstructure: Brick masonry – stone masonry – beams – columns – lintels – roofing – flooring – plastering Can we go to secondary processing? Paints - a viable industry in NL till 1988: ceased to exist due to takeover of industry - Components of paint : Vehicle (film-forming substance - Cellulose nitrate, vinyl chloride, polyurethane or epoxy resins), Solvents (water, hydrocarbons, turpentine, alcohols, ketones, ester, ethers, etc.) - Pigments (coloring agents - iron oxides (hematite, magnetite), chromium oxide, etc.)

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Ndran
    A – CIVIL ENGINEERING (For circuit branches) L4 T0 P0 C 4 We build because little that we do can take place outdoors. We need shelter from sun, wind, rain, and snow. We need dry, level platforms for our activities. Often we need to stack these platforms to multiply available ground space. On these platforms, and within our shelter, we need air that is warmer or cooler, more or less humid, than outdoors. We need less light by day, and more light by night, than is offered by the natural world. We need services that Surveying: Objects - types – classification – principles – measurements of distances – angles – leveling – determination of areas – Diesel, Hydro-electric and Nuclear power Plants – Merits and Demerits – Pumps and turbines – working principle

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 44

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Civil Engineering Materials


    Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Trinity College Dublin
    Dr. Roger P. West (TCD) And Mr. Peter Flynn (Arup)

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Schedule
    Lectures:
    Weeks 1-3(Wed 3-5): Timber, aluminium, glass and precast Weeks 4-9(Mon 10-11, Fri 3-4): Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete

    Tutorials:
    Alternate weeks, weeks 4-9, Thursday 5-6pm, commencing Groups 1-20 in week 4 of term, in Joly Theatre

    Concrete Laboratory:
    Each laboratory group on either Monday or Thursday, for one week only, as per timetable

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A:
    A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

    Concrete
    Basic Materials: Fresh Concrete Properties: Hardened Concrete Properties: Concrete Mix Design: Reinforced Concrete: Pre-stressed Concrete:

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    What is Concrete?
    Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world Concrete is a construction material composed of crushed rock or gravel and sand bound together with a hardened paste of cement and water.

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Aquaducts

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Colleseum

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Pantheon

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Eddystone Lighthouse John Smeaton (1756)

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Joseph Aspdin Patent (1824)

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Reinforced Concrete Flower Pot (Joseph Monier 1867)

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Weavers Mill Swansea (1898)

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Freysinnet

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Hoover Dam

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Astrodome

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Concrete History
    Toronto Tower

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1

    Basic Materials

    1. Cement 2. Water
    3. Aggregates

    4. Admixtures

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1
    1. Cement

    Basic Materials

    Ordinary Portland Cement


    Rapid Hardening Portland Cement Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement White Portland Cement

    (OPC)
    (RHPC) (SRPC) (WPC)

    Specialised Portland Cements:


    Masonry Portland Cement Low Heat Portland Cement Hydrophobic Portland Cement

    Oil-well Portland Cement

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Alternative Cement Replacement Materials


    Blastfurnace Slag Cement Pulverised-fuel Ash Cement Metakaolin Rice Husk Ash Silica Fume (GGBS) (PFA)

    Cements in Europe are classed as CEM1 (OPC or RHPC), CEM2-4 (OPC with limestone, PFA or GGBS) in varying proportions pre-blended

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1
    1. Cement

    Basic Materials

    Chemistry of OPC

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1
    1. Cement
    Manufacture

    Basic Materials

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1

    Basic Materials

    1. Cement Manufacture

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1
    1. Cement

    Basic Materials

    Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement Low triacalcium aluminate content (C3A)


    Achieved by adding Iron oxide to decrease aluminate proportions Resistant to sulphates but not resistant to strong acids Reduced early heat

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1
    1. Cement

    Basic Materials

    Pulverised-fuel ash cements (latent hydraulic binder) From burning pulverised coal in power station furnaces Reacts with calcium hydroxide (lime) to from cementitious material
    Resistant to sulphates but not resistant to strong acids Reduced early heat of hydration Reduced early age strength

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1
    1. Cement

    Basic Materials

    Blastfurnace Slag Cements (latent hydraulic binder) By-product of iron smelting, quenched slag forms granuels
    Generally blended with OPC up to 35% Reduced early age strength Reduced early heat of hydration

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1

    Basic Materials

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1

    Basic Materials

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1

    Basic Materials

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1
    1. Cement

    Basic Materials

    Delivery & Storage Usually packaged in 25kg bags or transported in bulk tankers
    Retail price 5 Warehouse set

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 2. Water

    Basic Materials

    Should be free from impurities Unsuitable if it contains - sugars - sulphates - chlorides

    Sea water must not be used for reinforced concrete

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1
    Hydration

    Basic Materials

    Setting and hardening results from a chemical reaction between the cement and the water, not from a drying process.
    The reaction is exothermic and is irreversible. The heat produced is known as the Heat of Hydration C3A and C3S are the compounds primarily responsible. The paste is usually workable up to two hours before it begins to harden Strength gain is initially rapid becoming progressively less rapid Strength gain continues indefinitely provided moisture is present. Curing

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.2 Fresh Concrete Properties 2. Cement hydration


    Cement + H2O = Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H) +Ca (OH)2 +H2O

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.2 Fresh Concrete Properties 2. Cement hydration and heat generation

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1

    Basic Materials

    2. Cement paste strength gain

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 3. Aggregates

    Basic Materials

    Gravels, crushed rock and sands that are mixed with cement and water to produce concrete. Coarse aggregates are those that do not pass through a 5mm sieve. Fine aggregates are those that pass through a 5mm sieve. Generally make from 50% to 80% of the concrete mix. Used to reduce cost and modify and imporve properties like strength and drying shrinkage.

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 3. Aggregates

    Basic Materials

    Quality Requirements Durability Hard Adequate Strength No deletrious material free from chemical impurities free from organic material free from dust excessive washing is not the answer avoid silica acid aggregates.

    Cleanliness

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 3. Aggregates


    Aggregate Types

    Basic Materials

    Normal density Lightweight High Density -

    Most gravels and crushed rock Divided into coarse and fine Weak porous solids Good thermal properties radioactive screening

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 3. Aggregates


    Sieve Analysis

    Basic Materials

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 Basic Materials 4. Admixtures


    Additives to the concrete mix to improve certain properties

    Must be used with care as excessive amounts can have adverse effects on the concrete

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 Basic Materials 4. Admixtures


    Accelerators Increases the rate of strength gain at an early age Most common is calcium chloride (CaCl) but may corrode steel Most common is calcium chloride (CaCl) but may corrode steel Does not increase final strength

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 Basic Materials 4. Admixtures


    Water Reducing Admixtures (Plasticisers) Reduces the amount of water required for a given workability Most common is calcium ligno-sulphate Reduces the risk of evaporation cracks Air Entraining Admixtures

    Generates evenly dispersed air bubbles in the mix


    Improves durability against frost and marine environments

    Volume or air entrainment should not exceed 13% of cement paste

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 Basic Materials 4. Admixtures


    Retarding Agents Reduces the rate of evolution of heat Necessary for very large concrete pours

    Water-repelling admixtures Can improve impermeability of concrete in basements and water retaining structures
    No substitute for sound concrete

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 Basic Materials 4. Admixtures

    2E8 Materials (Civil Engineering Component)

    Section A.1 Basic Materials


    4. Admixtures
    Foaming Agents Produces highly flowing light concrete
    Superplasticiser Produces flowing normal concrete with high strength Self-compacting Allows highly flowing cohesive mix with no need for vibration. It can also be self-levelling.

    You might also like