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wall structures
Walls Walls can be classified in a number of ways:Solid Cavity Internal External Load bearing or Non load bearing Load bearing supporting roofs, floors etc. Non load bearing Dividing spaces
Main functions of walls 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Strength Stability Weather exclusion Thermal Insulation Sound Insulation Durability Fire resistance Appearance
Part of a cavity wall with the internal skin removed to expose the Insulation
1.
2. 3.
Obtain maximum strength whilst distributing the loads carried by the walls. Ensure lateral stability and resistance to side thrusts. Create an acceptable appearance.
Possible settlement
Unbonded walls Comparatively weak and liable to fail under load or lateral thrust.
Bonded wall load is distributed over the whole wall and has greater resistance to side thrust. Standard brick sizes
Length + one mortar joint =225mm
Width + one mortar joint =112.5mm Height + one mortar joint =75mm Mortar joint thickness = 10mm
LOAD
SPREAD OF LOAD
Stretcher Bond
This is the simplest and most widely used bond. It is used for half brick walls and cavity walls. The bricks must lap over each other in successive courses in a fashion similar to the one shown below.
Half lapped
Racking-back
Return corner of a cavity wall in stretcher bond including wall ties and DPC Cavity Wall tie
Quoin
D.P.C.
Wall Ties
There are a large variety of different types of wall ties, but they all have two basic requirements of:(a) Tieing the outer and inner leaf of the cavity wall together.
(b) Prevent moisture passing from the outer to the inner skin of brickwork.
Stainless-steel wire wall tie with plastic disc to hold sheet insulation in place.
The cavity should start 150mm below the lowest damp proof course. In facing brickwork every 4th vertical joint is left out at the base of the cavity to allow any build-up of moisture at the base of the cavity to escape.
Types of pointing
Curved Recessed
Struck or weathered
There are several types of pointing which can be used with facing brick, Curved recessed or ( pole jointed as it is commonly called in N. Ireland) is the most popular.
Rain
Wall tie
The two leaves of the wall must be tied together with Stainless-steel cavity wall ties.
Insulation
Plaster
Ceiling joist
Plaster board
Door opening
Floor joist 100 x 50mm sole plate 100 x 50mm studs at 400c/s