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Trng i Hc Khoa Hc T Nhin BI THO LUN TM HIU V T VNG

NHOM THC HIN: NHOM 8 GV: L THI BACH LINH

I. KHI QUT II.C IM III. CC QU TRNH TRONG T

IV. PHN LOI V. NH GI CHUNG VI. HIN TRNG S DNG VII. VN MI TRNG GII PHP

I. KHAI QUAT
t vng (t Feralit) l nhm t c mu hoc ln do s tch t ca cc oxit Fe, Al. H thng phn loi ca FAO c gi tn l Ferralsols. Trong phn loi ca b Nng nghip M nhm t ny c tn l oxisols.

Din tch t vng khong 3.014.594 ha

Tp trung nhiu Ty Nguyn, ng Nam B (1.018.786ha, chim 43% tng din tch ng Nam B) v mt s tnh vng ni nc ta.

II. C IM
pH<5, CEC<50% Cha rt t khong nguyn sinh, khong th sinh ch yu Cation kim, kim th d b l kaolinite, ra tri oxit Fe v Ti, Thnh phn hu c ch yu Al l acid Fulvic

III. CC QU TRNH TRONG T


Cc cht kim, kim th b ra tri d 1. Qu tch ly cng tng b i Fe,tri... Al : nht, mttrnh phn SiO2 ra nhng cc hp cht ca Fe, Al b ra tri t nn dn dn chim t l chnh trong t.

Hm lng khong nguyn sinh rt thp,giu hydroxit Fe, Al, Mn, Ti Ht kt tng i bn.

nh hng ca mt s yu t ngoi cnh ti cng qu trnh Feralt

cao tuyt i
Cng ln cao qu trnh Feralt c trng cho vng nhit i nng m cng yu

m v a hnh
a hnh dc, d thot nc s y mnh qu trnh Feralit a hnh trng cn tr s tch ly tng i Fe, Al

2. Qu trnh tch ly tuyt i Fe, Al:


y l qu trnh hnh thnh kt von v ong trong t St, nhm co sn trong t hoc di chuyn t ni khc n tch lu li theo 2 ng chnh l nc ngun v nc ngm. Fe2+ Fe3+ (Fe2O3, Fe2O3.nH2O)

Cac loai kt von


Cac loai kt von Kt von tron Kt von ng Kt von gia

Cac loai a ong


a ong t ong a ong hat u

a ong phin

IV. PHN LOAI


t nu trn bazan-Fd (Rhodic Ferralsolst nu vng t mun FRr): trn vang o bazan-Fx trn nui-Fh (Xanthic (Humic FerralsolsferralsolsFRx): t vng FRu) trn phin st-Fl (Plinthic ferallsols-

1. t nu trn bazan-Fd (Rhodic Ferralsols-FRr):

- 0-25 cm: mau nu o; set; ti; xp; kt cu hat va vin, nhiu r cy; chuyn lp t t theo mau sc nhng ro v cht - 25-60 cm: mau nu ; m; set; xp; cht hn tng trn; kt cu vin; chuyn lp t t v mau sc - 60-120 cm: mau nu o; m; set; kt cu vin; cht hn tng trn

CAC LOAI CY TRNG THICH HP

Chu y khi s dung vao nng lm nghip cn:

Thc hin bin phap chng xoi mon Che phu gi m cho t trong mua kh Lam t ti thiu bao v kt cu t Bon thm N, P, K c bit la phn ln

2. t nu vng trn bazan-Fx (Xanthic Ferralsols-FRx):


0-15 cm: mau nu vang sm; thit pha set;kt cu vin; cht; xp; nhiu r cy;chuyn lp ro v mau sc 15-35 cm: mau nu vang: thit pha set; kt von tron kha nhiu (30-40% th tich); kt cu vin; m; hi xp; con it r cy. 80-150 cm: mau nu vang sm; set; kt von nh tng trn; kt cu vin va cc nho; m; cht; it xp.

Thich hp vi nhiu loai cy trng can

Chu y:
- Chng xoi mon. - Bon thm phn N, P, K cho tng loai cy cu th.

3. t mun vang o trn nui-Fh (Humic ferralsols-FRu)

0-25cm: mau o hi vang, xp, nhiu r cy; khi tang co kich thc 620mm goc canh ro, chuyn lp t t. 25-45cm: mau o vang, tang va co goc canh, set, hi xp, chuyn lp t t, con it r cy. 45-80cm: mau nu o sm, set, tang co goc canh, cht, chuyn lp t t. 80-110cm: mau nu o sm,set, tang sc canh, th, cht.

4. t vng trn phin st-Fl (Plinthic ferallsols-FRp)

Hnh thnh trn trm tch c Qu trnh feralit yu ,vi mu vng rt nht Tng t thng rt mng

V. ANH GIA CHUNG


t hnh thnh trn bazan chim 55% din tch nhm t vng: s dng nhiu nht v c nhiu u im. t mn vng trn ni chim 35% din tch t vng: s dng t hn. t hnh thnh trn phin st chim 10% din tch t vng: rt t c s dng

- Th mnh l trng cy cng nghip di ngy - t trn a phin set do cht lng kem nn it c s dung trong nng nghip - t nu vang va nu o trn bazan la t tt nht trong cac t o vang. Nn khai thac ti u t nay. Nhng lai hay bi han han.

Tho i ha t Con ngi

Laterit ha

T nhin - Bin i kh hu - Ra tri - Xi mn

Con ngi - Tp qun du canh du c - Vic s dng t trng cy trng cn ngn ngy - Vic tn ph rng, khai thc s dng t khng hp l - Vit Nam: nguyn nhn chnh l s dng ha cht trong nng nghip v khng x l cht thi. + Cc cht c chin tranh: Dioxin + D an khai thac boxit Ty Nguyn

Khi khai thc boxit th lp thm thc vt trn b mt phu din t s b ph v, qu trnh s ch li bn v nc nhim bn trong tn ng cc ha cht n mn gy nhim mi trng t, cc vi sinh vt khng th sng c

Thoi ha t

C nhiu nguyn nhn song ch yu vn l hot ng ca con ngi: canh tc nng nghip th s, qu trnh cng nghip v pht trin cng nghip. Thoi ha bi qu trnh Laterit ha

- Xi mn , ra tri

Hu qua

- Laterit ha to kt von v ong - Qu trnh kh hn - Qu trnh bin i mt s c tnh l, ha quan trng ca t: + Gim lng hu c v m trong t + t chua, tng cng nng lc c nh ln + Thoi ha v l tnh t

Giai phap
Nguyn tc s dng t t ai cn s dng y v hp l t s dng c hiu qu kinh t cao Cn s dng mt cch bn vng

- B sung v hon thin cc chnh sch php lut v vic s dng t - Xy dng v s dng c hiu qu h thng thng tin ti nguyn t - Qui hoch v qun l s dng t hp l - Ph bin cho ngi dn - X pht nghim minh

- Qui hoch sp xp dn c - Hn ch di canh di c, t rng - Xy dng chng trnh pht trin i sng dn tc thiu s - Nghin cu v p dng cng nghip nnglm-ng kt hp

Qun l lu vc sng sui u t thm canh Trng rng B tr cy trng hp l trn t dc

TAI LIU THAM KHAO

[1] Hi khoa hc t Vit Nam.t Vit Nam.Nh xut bn nng nghip H Ni,2000

[2] Phm Quang Khnh.Ti nguyn t vng ng Nam B - Hin trng v tim nng.Nh xut bn nng nghip,1995

[3] V T Lp.a l Vit Nam.Nh xut bn i hc S Phm,1995

[4] http://www.zun.vn/tai-lieu/bao-cao-moi-truong-dat-dat

[5] http://baotangdat.blogspot.com/

CAM N C VA CAC BAN A THEO DOI

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