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At the end of this subject, the participants will have a general understanding of the following;
OUTLINE
Introduction Engine Classification Scientific Principles Components of a Gas Turbine Engine Engine Systems Problem Solving
Background
Aircraft Powerplant 20%
Thermodynamics Internal Combustion Engine
Reciprocating Engine Jet Engines
ATHODYD Rocket Gas Turbine Engine
INTRODUCTION
Powerplant an aircraft engine and its component parts, and other parts necessary to properly install such engine in an aircraft, but not the propeller (if used). Aircraft engine an engine used or intended to be used for propulsion of aircraft and includes all parts, appurtenances and accessories thereof, other than propellers.
DEFINITIONS
ENGINE CLASSIFICATIONS
Heat Engines Engines that convert heat energy to mechanical energy TYPES OF COMBUSTION ENGINES (HEAT ENGINES) 1. External Combustion Engine 2. Internal Combustion Engine TYPES OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1. Reciprocating Engines (RE) 2. Jet Engines Reaction Engines Engines that generates thrust by its reaction to the flow in the opposite direction of a mass of air
Scientific Principles
Newtons Laws of Motion Bernoullis Principle Boyles Law Brayton Cycle
THRUST
What is Thrust?
It is the force that pushes you deep into your seat as you speed down the runway for takeoff. It is the force that propels an airplane forward through the air.
BASIC COMPONENTS
Inlet Compressor Combustor Turbine Exhaust Nozzle Accessories
BASIC COMPONENTS
Division as Sections (according to function) Division as Modules (according to method of attachment)
INLET
The air inlet is designed to conduct incoming ram air to the compressor with minimal energy loss resulting from drag or ram pressure loss. The amount of air passing through the engine is dependent upon three factors: (1.) (2.) (3.) The compressor speed (rpm) The forward speed of the aircraft The density of ambient (surrounding) air.
COMPRESSORS
The compressor section's primary function is to supply air in sufficient quantity to satisfy the requirements of the combustion burners. A secondary function of the compressor is to supply bleed air for various purposes in the engine and aircraft.
Airconditioning/Pressurization
COMPRESSORS
Wing Anti-Icing/Nacelle Anti-Icing Potable Water Tank Pressurization Hydraulic Tank Pressurization
Engine Starting
Thrust Reverser Center Drive Unit
TYPES OF COMPRESSORS
Centrifugal Flow Compressors
Impeller
Diffuser Compressor Manifold
TYPES OF COMPRESSORS
Axial Flow Compressors
COMBUSTOR
The combustion section houses the combustion process which raises the temperature of the air passing through the engine. The combustion process releases energy contained in the air-fuel mixture. The major part of the released energy is required at the turbine to drive the compressor.
COMBUSTOR
The remaining energy creates the reaction or propulsion and passes out the rear of the engine in the form of a high-velocity jet. All combustion chambers contain the same basic elements: (1.) (2.) A casing. A perforated inner liner.
(3.)
(4.)
TYPES OF COMBUSTOR
TYPES OF COMBUSTOR
TYPES OF COMBUSTOR
TURBINES
The turbine transforms a portion of the kinetic (velocity) enemy of the exhaust gases into mechanical energy to drive the compressor and accessories. The turbine assembly consists of two basic elements the stator and the rotor, as does the compressor unit.
TURBINES
TYPES OF TURBINES
TYPES OF TURBINES
METHODS OF COOLING
EXHAUST SECTION
The exhaust section direct the flow of hot gases rearward in such a manner as to prevent turbulence and at the same time impart a high final or exit velocity to the gases.
EXHAUST SECTION
ACCESSORIES SECTION
The primary function is to provide space for mounting the accessories necessary for the operation and control of the engine. Generally, it also includes accessories concerned with the aircraft such as electric generators and fluid power pumps.
The power for both the engine and aircraft accessories is extracted through a system of gearboxes and shafts.
ACCESSORIES SECTION
GEARBOX ASSEMBLIES
Inlet Gearbox
Radial Driveshaft
Horizontal Driveshaft Accessory Gearbox
Transfer Gearbox
Engine Systems
Fuel System Lubrication System Air System
Compressor Control System Clearance Control System Cooling System
Engine Systems
Thrust Reverser System Engine Control System Engine Indication System
Fuel Filter
Combustor
(Fuel Nozzles &2 Igniter plugs)
Fuel Manifold
AGB
Fuel Pump
OIL SYSTEM
Heat Exchanger
Oil Tank
Oil Filter
AGB
Oil Filter Chip Detector
OIL SUMPS
Fwd Oil Sump
electrical signal
Hydromechanical Mechanical Unit
Combustor
Turbine (HPT/LPT)
Exhaust
Stator & rotor thermal responses are not the same Rotors tend to be heavier than stators, and require longer times to heat and to cool them.
To maintain close clearances during cruise, important for good cruise performance, efficiency and SFC, and to keep transient clearances satisfactory for good response, careful rotor-stator coordination has to be done.
Rotor Blade
Servo Fuel
LPTCC Valve
Fan Air
HPTCC Valve
IP HMU
LPC Discharge
HP
HPTCC Air Impingement Manifold
IP
RACC Valve
Servo Fuel
IGNITION SYSTEM
ECU
115VAC
Starting/Ignition SystemControl
ENGINE
Input Circuit Ignition Exciter Box Combustio n Chamber
Storage Circuit
Discharge Circuit
15-20KV
2 Igniter Plugs
Starting/Ignition SystemControl
Start Valve
ECU
IGB
AGB
TGB
FEEDBACK SYSTEM
THE END