ELECTRONIC

BUSINESS

Lecture-3 & 4

Internet History of Internet Intranet vs Extranet Internet Service Provider Internet Address World Wide Web Web Browser URL Domain Name System Protocols Server Bandwidth and Modem
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Internet

A network of networks in which user of any computer can get information from other computer, if they have permission.

An internet (note the lowercase letter i) is two or more networks that can communicate with each other. It is a generic term used to mean an interconnection of networks. The second is the name of a specific world wide network. The most notable internet is called Internet (uppercase letter I), in which connect more than hundreds of thousands interconnected networks.

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History of Internet

The extraordinary communication system Internet came into being in 1969.

In mid-1960, mainframe computers in research organization were stand-alone devices. Computers from different manufacturers were unable to communicate with one another. The ARPA in the DoD was interesting in in finding a way to connect computers, so In 1967, at an Advance or Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) meeting, ARPA presented its ideas for ARPANET, a small network connected computes.
The basic purpose to create a network that allows the researchers of one university to able, to talk or share their research to Researchers computers. The network was designed to work without centralized control. This means if one portion of network fails or destroy in disaster or in military attack, the remaining portion will be able to route packets from sender to receiver through alternate path.
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Intranet

An Intranet is an organization network, that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity to securely share part of an organization information or operation with its employee. An intranet belonging to an organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization's members, employees, or others with authorization.

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Extranet

An Extranet is designed to connect the offices of a large organization situated in metropolitan area. Extranet is simply an external network. Intranet is accessible only to people who are members of the same company or organization, An extranet provides various levels of accessibility to outsiders like a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners. You can access an extranet only if you have a valid username and password. Extranets are becoming a very popular means for business partners to exchange information.

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Internet Service Provider

Internet has linked numerous LANs into huge network. The LANs and computer connected to internet is maintained by Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

ISP sells internet services to netizen.

Today most end users who want Internet connection use the services of ISPs. There are :

International ISPs, National ISPs, Regional ISPs and Local ISPs.

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Internet Service Provider

(Contd)

The International ISPs that connect nations together.

The National ISPs are backbone networks created and maintained by specialized companies. The Regional ISPs are smaller ISPs that are connected to one or more national ISPs. The Local ISPs provide direct services to the end users.
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Internet Service Provider

(Contd)

ISP (Internet Service Provider) List of Pakistan

ISP Asia Net Brain Net Click Online Comsats Cyber Access Cyber Net Dancom Online Excel Net Expert Net Iqra Net Micro Net City Lahore Karachi, Lahore Peshawar Islamabad, Karachi Karachi Karachi Karachi Islamabad Okara Peshawar Islamabad

Website www.asia.net.pk www.brain.net.pk www.click.net.pk www.comsats.net.pk www.cyberaccess.com.pk www.cyber.net.pk www.dancom.com.pk www.excel-xl.net www.xpert.net.pk www.iqranet.net www.micro.net.pk

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Internet Address

Every computer on the Internet has a unique Internet address (similar to telephone number), which can be accessed any other computer by dialing to the other IP address. The existing version now-e-days IP VER-4. Static IP addresses

When a computer uses the same IP address every time it connects to the network, it is known as a Static IP address. In contrast. In situations when the computer's IP address changes frequently (such as when a user logs on to a network through dialup), it is called a Dynamic IP address

Dynamic IP addresses

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World Wide Web

WWW The World Wide Web (commonly abbreviated as "the Web") is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet Introduced in 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee Allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents It allows users to explore and retrieve text and graphics from web sites. Transferring text and graphics simultaneously Client/Server data transfer protocol Uses: Applications, E-mail, Product Display, Catalogs, Order placement

W3C

Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee Devoted to developing non-proprietary and interoperable technologies for the World Wide Web and making the Web universally accessible
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World Wide Web

(Contd)

Web site

A web site is a collection of web pages with some common ownership

Like books, Web sites contain information and consist of pages. A Web site may consist of many pages or just a single page. A World Wide Web page The individual pages that make up a Web site. You can view a single Web page at a time. When accessing a Web site, the first page displayed is usually the Home page. Often, like a books table of contents, it gives information about what is available on that site. This is simply the first page displayed when you connect to the Internet, or, the starting point of your Internet session.
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Web page

Home page

Web Browser

Application Software that allows users to view Web content such as text, images, videos, music, games and other information located on a web page at a web site on the www. Or A program on a computer that accepts requests for information, processes the requests and allows you to navigate to resources on the Internet. Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Netscape Navigator Google Chrome Web browsers were introduced by companies like Mozilla, Netscape, and Microsoft. More recently, Google entered the browser market. On the Web, you navigate--commonly known as browsing or surfing

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Web Browser

(Contd)

Hyperlinks/ Links

One way to navigate the WWW is by clicking on a link. A link is an area of a Web page that, when you click on it, will take you from the page you are presently viewing to another page either within the same site or to an entirely different site. Links can be anything on a page. Examples: Graphical or textual elements Underlined text; Images; color varies but is often blue, Objects in motion etc

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URL

Uniform Resource Locator is a fancy term for the address of a World Wide Web page or other resource. Used to identify web pages Example: http://www.vbs.com/welcome/main.html

The first part is protocol http:// Second is host name (name.domain name) or is the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN). This name identifies the web site containing the page. The term FQDN" refers to a complete website or other computer's name on the Internet. The term "domain name" usually refers only to the last part of the host name, in this case vbs.com, which has been registered for that particular company's exclusive use. The 3rd part of the URL welcome/main.html is the path at which this particular web page is located on the web server.
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Protocol

Hostname

File Path

Domain Name System

DNS server translate symbolic name (such as www.upesh.edu.pk) into numerical IP address. Symbolic names are a great convenience because they are easier to remember than numerical addresses. Domain Name System (DNS) is a database which keeps track of computers names and their corresponding IP addresses on the Internet. Its like a phone book. DNS helps users to find their way around the Internet. http://www.google.com here the domain name is google. Com The www is not necessary and most commercial sites register their name both with and without it. ICANN, is responsible for managing and coordinating the DNS.

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Domain Name System

(Contd)

The .edu is the top level domain the top level in which a site wants to register. The second level domain is typically the company or brand name for most marketers.
. (root)

org

edu

gov

com

Top-level Domains

uci.edu

toronto.edu

math.toronto.edu

ece.toronto.edu

neon.ece.toronto.edu

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Domain Name System

.com
.edu .gov .org .mil .net

(Contd)

it is used for commercial websites. They earn money from advertisements e.g. www.yahoo.com
it is used for educational websites e.g. www.lums.edu.pk Government institutions Non-profit organizations Used for military websites e.g. www.usa.mil Networking organizations. It represents an organization that is working on network

.ca .th

Canada Thailand

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Protocols

A communication protocol is set of rules that control data communication. The protocol determine the following: The types of errors How the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message. How the receiving device will indicate that it has received a message. A protocol defines what is communicated, how it is communicated, and when it is communicated.

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Protocols

Contd

http://

HTTP is the protocol that supports communication between web browsers and web servers. The heart of the Web Protocol for client/server communication Very simple request/response protocol Client sends request message, server replies with response message Stateless Do not confuse this with the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML is a language used to write web pages.

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Protocols

Contd

FTP

FTP is the standard mechanism provides for a copying a file from one host to another. SMTP is used for transferring electronic mail. SMTP connects to remote machines and transfer mail message POP is an older method used by programs Netscape to send and receive email from and to a mail server.

SMTP

POP

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Server

Server is computer that provides network resources or services. Server based network also called client-server network, containing Client & the server that support them. The Web is known as a client-server system. Your computer is the client; the remote computers that store electronic files are the servers. Examples include file, print or communication servers.

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Bandwidth

Bandwidth refers to the capacity of transmission media. The total media capacity or bandwidth can be divided into channels. A channel is simply a portion of the bandwidth that can be used for transmitting data.

Backbone A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a networks.
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Modem

MODEM short for modulator/demodulator. A device, either internal or external, which connects the user to their ISP, which in tern connects the user to the internet. The modem is necessary because the phone network transmits audio, not data bits. Modulation is a prescribed method of encoding digital (or analog) signals onto a waveform (the carrier signal). Once encoded, the original signal may be recovered by an inverse process called demodulation.

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