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BASIC ELECTRONICS
COURSE MATERIAL For 1st & 2nd Semester B.E. (Revised Credit System) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
Zener Diode
Zener diode is heavily doped P-N junction diode Designed to operate in reverse breakdown region Each zener diode has specific breakdown voltage (VZ). Value of VZ depends on doping level Zener diodes are available with VZ ranging from 1.8V to 200V, power ratings from 250mW to 50W Symbol of zener diode:
P
Anode
N
Cathode
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
Zener diode
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
IZM
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
When zener diode is forward biased, it acts like ordinary diode i.e., until certain voltage V is reached, current is zero, then afterwards, current rises exponentially When zener diode is reverse biased, until the breakdown voltage is reached, current is zero or negligible When reverse voltage equals zener voltage, current rises exponentially in reverse direction After the breakdown has occurred, voltage across zener diode remains almost constant at VZ, only the current increases with the increase in applied reverse bias
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
+ VZ
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
V +
+ VZ
RF
P P
RR P
RZ
P
Forward
Reverse
Breakdown
+ Vi
IR
RS VZ
IZ RL
IL Vo
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
Vi RL V RS R L
If V VZ, the zener is ON, appropriate equivalent model is substituted If V < VZ, the zener is OFF, open circuit equivalent is substituted Step 2: Substitute the appropriate equivalent model and solve for the desired unknown Suppose that we get V VZ, then zener is in breakdown region, and equivalent model is VZ (neglecting RZ)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
IZ = ( IR IL) where,
Vi VZ IR RS
Vo IL RL
Vo VZ
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
+ Vi
IR
RS VZ
IZ RL
IL Vo
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
Line Regulation
Line Regulation is the capability to maintain a constant output voltage level on the output channel of the power supply despite the changes in the input voltage level
Problem on Line regulation In a Zener network, RS = 120, RL = 250 and VZ = 5V. Find the minimum and maximum current flowing through zener when input varies from 9V to 15V.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
Load Regulation
Load regulation is the capability to maintain a constant voltage level on the output channel of the power supply despite the changes in the load
Problem on Load regulation For a Zener network, RS = 10, VZ = 10V, Vi = 25V. Find the minimum and maximum current through zener when RL is varied between 10 and 100
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA
End of module 5
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA