Recent Research Activities

in Laboratory
I ntelligent Mechanics Laboratory

School of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Pukyong National University

San 100 Yong dang-dong Nam-gu, Pusan 608-739, Korea
Tel) 82-51-620-1604, 625-1604
Fax)+ 82-51-620-1405
E-mail) dmlab@dolphin.pknu.ac.kr
Home page: http://vibration.pknu.ac.kr
Faculty :
Prof. Bo Suk Yang, Ph.D.
Prof. Soo-Jong Lee, Ph.D.
Prof. Dong-Jo Kim, Ph.D.
Students :
Ph.D. : 8
Sung-Pil Choi, Jang-Woo Lee,
Dong-Soo Lim, Young-Chan Kim,
Yong-Han Kim, Jing-Long An,
Jun-Ho Park, Woo-Kyo Jang
M.S. : 6
Yong-Min-Oh, Soo-Mok Lee,
Jin-Dae Song, Bum-Jung Han,
Young-Ho Choi, Tian Han
Undergraduate: 6
Alumnus(1986 ~2000)
Ph.D. M.S. B. Eng.
7 50 82

Faculty & Student
Research Area
Rotating Machinery
(Pump,Motor,Turbine Generator, Compressor, etc.)
Dynamic Optimum Design
Monitoring & Diagnostics
Vibration Analysis
Area of Research:
Rotordynamics & Vibration Analysis
Intelligent Optimum Design & System Identification
Intelligent Condition Monitoring & Diagnostics
List of Research Applications:
Integrated Classification Techniques for Vibration Diagnostics
Development of Case-Based Reasoning Algorithm
Vibration Diagnostics by Petri-Net Algorithm
Model Updating Using Artificial Neural Networks
Development of Enhanced Genetic Algorithm for Optimum Design
Development of Optimization Algorithm Using Artificial Life
Research Area
Methods & Tools:
Artificial Neural Network (SOFM, LVQ, RBF, etc)
Random Tabu Search Method
Genetic Algorithm, Immune-Genetic Algorithm
Artificial Life

Applications :
Optimum Shape Design of Rotor Shaft
Optimum Design for Bearing & Seal Geometry
Optimum Layout of Damping Material
Optimum Allocation of Piping System
Sensitivity Analysis
Dynamic Optimum Design
Vibration Analysis
Software Development for Vibration Analysis
Horizontal Pumps and Vertical Pumps
(General Centrifugal Pump, Boiler Feedwater Pump)
Hydraulic Turbine-Generator Rotor System for Hydro-Power Plant
Steam Turbine/Generator System for Thermal & Nuclear Power Plant
Rotary Compressor Rotor System for Small Refrigerator
Vibration Analysis
Motor/Generator Rotor System with Electromagnetic Pull
Geared & Coupled System (Bending & Torsional Vibration)
Development of Vibration Diagnostics Algorithms
Neural Network & Fuzzy Theory
Decision Tree & Decision Table
Expert System
Petri Net Technique
Development of Condition Monitoring System
Case-Based Reasoning & Diagnosis
Construction of Case Base by Vibration Troubleshooting
Web Site of Case Base Search(http://vibration.pknu.ac.kr)
Wavelet Analysis & Feature Extraction
Ball Bearing Defect, Rubbing

Condition Monitoring & Diagnostics
Vibration Analysis of Turbine-Generator
System for Nuclear Power Plant
HP Rotor LP Rotor
Turbine/Generator Rotor System
Steam Turbine-Generator Shaft Model
(Kori #3 & 4, 1007MW)
Vibration Analysis : Campbell Diagram
Vibration Analysis : Damping Ratio & Root Locus
Vibration Analysis : Mode Shape
Damping and Stiffness Coefficients of No. 2 Bearing
Vibration Analysis : Bearing Dynamic Coefficients
Vibration Analysis :
Comparison of Natural Frequency & Error
0 500 1000 1500 2000
1E-5
1E-4
1E-3
0.01
0.1
1
#5 bearing
#9 bearing
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

(
m
m
)
Rotating speed (rpm)
Comparison of unbalance response at bearing No.5, 9
Vibration Analysis : Unbalance Response
Vibration Analysis of Turbine-Generator
System for Pumped-Storage Power Plant
Pump\Turbine-Generator\Motor Shaft Model
(Muju #1, 2, 336MW)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Runaway speed
Operating speed
1X
9X
N
a
t
u
r
a
l

f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

(
c
p
m
)
Rotating speed (rpm)
Vibration Analysis : Campbell Diagram
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
1
10
Operating speed
Generator/motor
Runner
without add mass/magnetic force
with add mass/magnetic force
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

(

m
)
Rotating speed (rpm)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
0.01
0.1
1
10
Operating speed
Generator/motor
Runner
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e

(

m
)
Rotating speed (rpm)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Operating speed
without add mass of water
with add mass of water
N
a
t
u
r
a
l

f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y

(
c
p
m
)
Rotating speed (rpm)
Hydraulic unbalance
Mechanical unbalance Mode shape
Add-mass effect of water
Vibration Analysis : Mode Shape & Unbalance Response
Analytical Model & Earthquake Wave
0 5 10 15 20 25
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
A
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
t
i
o
n

(
g
a
l
)
Time (sec)
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Frequency (Hz)
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
Turbine-generator model and KOBE earthquake wave(EW)
Seismic Response Analysis
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4

No.2 bearing
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4

No.5 bearing

D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t

(
m
m
)
0 5 10 15 20
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4


No.9 bearing
Time (sec)
0 5 10 15 20
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4

No.9 bearing
Time (sec)
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4


D
i
s
p
l
a
c
e
m
e
n
t

(
m
m
)
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
No.5 bearing
No.2 bearing

Modal superposition
method
Direct integration method
Seismic Response : Comparison of Analysis Methods
0 50 100 150 200 250
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2
Max. allowable stress
14.614
GEN
LPC
LPB LPA HP
B
e
n
d
i
n
g

s
t
r
e
s
s

(
M
N
/
m


)
Station number
Distribution of bending stress at maximum displacement position
Seismic Response Analysis : Bending Stress
0 10 20 30 40
0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
10
Level
6
7
8
9
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
Time(sec)
Wavelet transform of seismic response wave at bearing No.9
0 10 20 30 40
0.000
0.001
0.002
10
Level
6
7
8
9
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
Time(sec)
EW component UD component
Seismic Response Analysis: Wavelet Transform
Flow Chart for Immune Genetic Algorithm (IGA)
Start
Production of the initial chromosome
calculation of the fitness
Calculation of the fitness and
affinity of individuals
Production of the
individuals
Selection
Crossover and
Mutation
Change old population with new
population
Gen s Max.Gen
End
No
Yes
The differentiation
of memory and
suppressor cell
Calculation of the
affinity between
individuals and
suppressor cells
Affinity > Tacl
Proliferation and
Suppression of
individuals
Optimization Result of IGA
IGA Initial
value Weight, W Bearing force,
b
F
3
Critical speed,
c
n
e
(rad/s)
c
2
e
685.84 538.34573 549.86
c
3
e
2646.14 2309.7938 2301.05
Shaft weight, W (kg)
W 10.235 5.59691 9.82036
Transmitted force,
b
j
F
(N)
b
F
1
13.562 9.808 15
b
F
2
475.599 339.90555 543.1
b
F
3
461.366 183.49775 114.71
Maximum bending stress, (MPa)
MaxBS 45.29 22.056 35.75
Maximum amplitude, (m)
MaxAmp 78.9 65.87 68.9
(b) Original model
(a) Optimum model
Flow Chart for Enhanced Genetic Algorithm

Start
Production of the initial chromosome
calculation of the fitness
Calculation of the fitness
Production of the individuals
Selection
Crossover and Mutation
Calculation of the affinity between
saved candidacy solution set
FAC = 1
Yes
No
Affinity < 0.1
Decision and reallocation of
candidacy solution
Erasion candidacy
solution
No
Selection and Crossover
Production of the individuals
Fmin = Fmax
Yes
Change old population with new
population
No
Yes
End
Global search
Local search
Change old population with new
population
Solution
num. = N No
Yes
Yes
Affinity
< 0.1
Selection next solution
No
) , ( y x f
x
y
) 5 . 3 cos 3 cos 1 . 2 ( ) 1 . 2 5 . 2 cos 2 (cos ) , ( y y x x y x f t t t t + =
Optimum values
SGA 16.091155
IGA
16.091713
16.091713
16.091051
16.091051
EGA
16.091720
16.091720
16.091720
16.091720
Comparison of Optimization Results
Characteristics of Artificial life Algorithm
Circular food chain Dynamic interaction in the environment
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
x
s
Artificial world
x(x
1
max
, x
2
max
)
x(x
1
min
, x
2
min
)
x
2
x
1
D
Neighborhood region
(acting radius)
: Resource : Artificial organism
Step 1 Initialization
Step 2 Search resource
Step 3 Movement using elite reservation strategy
Step 4 Metabolism
Step 5 Increasing age
Step 6 Reproduction
Step 7 Reducing energy
Step 8 Increasing generation
Flow chart for Artificial Life Algorithm
) 0 . 2 , 0 . 2 ( ) 0 . 1 ( ) ( 0 . 100 ) , (
2 1
2 2
1
2 2
1 2 2 1
s s + = x x x x x x x f
Emergent Colonization
produced at the optimum
point
= (1.0, 1.0)
opt
x
) (
opt
f x = 0
Contour line and emergent colonization for banana function
Optimization result of Artificial life Algorithm
Emergent Colonization
produced at the optimum
point
Contour line and emergent colonization for camel function
) 0 . 2 , 0 . 2 (
) 0 . 4 0 . 4 ( ) 3 / 1 . 2 0 . 4 ( ) , (
2 1
2
2
2
2
2
1
4
1
2
1 2 1
s s
+ + + =
x x
x x x x x x x f
= {(0.0898, -0.7126), (-0.0898, 0.7126)}
opt
x ) (
opt
f x = -1.0316
Optimization result of Artificial life Algorithm
Structure of Classification System for Diagnostics
Database Storage Module
Data Training Module
Classification Module
1. Experimental Configuration
2. A/D Converting System
3. Database Management
1. Wavelet Transform
2. Statistical Feature Extraction
3. Training using Neural Network
1. Untrained New Data
2. Store to Database
A/D Conversion
Hardware
Transient Stable
Software
Signal Data, Condition, Specification,
Date, Sensor Information
Database
W/T Transform
Feature Extraction
Training (Neural Network) :
SOFM, LVQ
W/T Transform
Feature Extraction
Trained Data
Condition Classification
Software Process
Software




Integrated Classification System for Diagnostics
Normal
Abnormal
Wavelet Transform
Statistical Evaluation Value :
Mean, Standard deviation, Skewness, Kurtosis
More & Robust Features than Time-waveform
Neural Network Classification
Training
Data
Trained
Data
Self-Organizing Feature Map &
Learning Vector Quantization
Technique
Re-organized into
CODEBOOK Vectors
k-NN Technique
Which Class?
Untrained Data
Main Window for Diagnosis System
Database Storage Module : Data Input
Database Storage Module : Management
Diagnosis Module : Classification
Introduction of Case-Based Reasoning System
- Memorize previous situation
and case-history
- Reuse to for solving new problem
- Previous problem solving
current problem solving
CBR System for Vibration Diagnosis
Categories and Details : Can be Added through CBR Cycle
Keywords and Weights : Extracted from the Case-Base and
Stored to Library
Input and Output of CBR System
http://vibration.pknu.ac.kr
Petri Net Algorithm for Abnormal Diagnosis
Background
Cause Diagnosis
by Symptom
Frequency
Occurrence of
Abnormal Vibration
at Rotating Machine
Expression of
Symptom Freq.
by Target
Transition
Addition of
Source Transition
at All Source
Places
Minimal
Support
T-invariant
Calculation
Petri Net
Carl A. Petri
1962
PUKYONG NATIONAL UNIV. I ntelligent Mechanics Lab.
Diagnosis of Rotating Machine by Petri Net
Modeling
Place Transition
P
1

P
2

P
3

P
4

P
5
4X
P
6

Transition Rule
T
1
P
1
P
4
T
2
P
2
P
4
T
3
P
2
P
5
T
4
P
3
P
4
T
5
P
3
P
6
Source
Transition
Source
Place
T
6
P
1

T
7
P
2

T
8
P
3

PUKYONG NATIONAL UNIV. I ntelligent Mechanics Lab.
Diagnosis of Rotating Machine by Petri Net
Diagnosis Results
Symptoms Causes
Minimal support
T-invariant

(P
4
)
4X(P
5
)
(P
1
)
(P
2
)
[1010011011]
(P
2
) (P
3
) [0011001111]
(P
2
)

(P
4
)
(P
6
)
(P
1
)
(P
3
)
[1000110111]
(P
2
) (P
3
) [0100101111]
(P
3
)
PUKYONG NATIONAL UNIV. I ntelligent Mechanics Lab.