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Directing

The heart of the Managerial Process

Prof. Preeti Bhaskar


Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, Noida

Chapter outline
Meaning and Importance Elements of Direction Supervision-meaning and importance Motivation-meaning and importance of motivation Leadership- meaning, importance, qualities of a good leader, Managerial Grid, Management v/s Leadership Communication-Formal and informal communication and barriers to effective communication

DIRECTING is said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals. Directing is said to be the heart of management process. Planning, organizing, staffing have got no importance if direction function does not take place

"Activating deals with the steps a manager takes to get sub-ordinates and others to carry out plans - Newman and Warren.

Advantages of directing
Initiates actions to get the desired results in an organization. Attempts to get maximum out of employees by identifying their capabilities. Essential to keep the elements like supervision, motivation, leadership and communication effective. Ensures that every employee work for organizational goals.

Coping up with the changes in the organization is possible through effective direction.
Stability and balance can be achieved through directing.

Models for Directing


Behavioral Model
Autocratic Model

Management Model
Traditional Model

Custodial Model

Human Relation Model Human resource Model

Supportive Model

Collegial model

Elements of Direction

Supervision

Leadership

Motivation

Communication

Supervision

Supervision is the function of assuring that the work is being done as per plan and instruction

Davis

Role of Supervisor
As a Planner As a Manager As a Guide and Leader As a Mediator As an Inspector As a Counselor

Functions of a Supervisor
Planning and Organizing Provision of working conditions Leadership and Guidance Motivation Controlling Linking Pin Grievance Handling Reporting Introducing new work methods Enforcing Discipline

Leadership

What is a Leader?
A Leader is someone in authority to lead others to accomplish a goal(s). A leader needs to be able to motivate others to accomplish a goal(s) while at the same time encourage others to work toward their own professional goals.

What is leadership?
Leading people
Influencing people Commanding people Guiding people

Leadership is influencing people to follow in the achievement of specialized goal


Koontz and O Donnell

Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives George R Terry

What skills do leaders need?

Coping with stressors Managing time Delegating

Managing stress

Personal Skills

Developing Selfawareness
Determining values and priorities Identifying cognitive style Assessing attitude toward change

Solving Problems creatively


Using the rational approach Using the creative approach Fostering innovation in others

Interpersonal Skills
Gaining power Exercise influence Empowering others
Gaining power and influences Communication supportively

Coaching Counseling Listening

Motivating others

Management Conflict

Diagnosing poor performance Creating a motivating environment Rewarding accomplishment

Identifying causes Selecting appropriate strategies Resolving confrontations

Managers vs. Leaders


Managers Focus on things Do things right Plan Organize Direct Control Follows the rules Leaders Focus on people Do the right things Inspire Influence Motivate Build Shape entities

Common Activities
Planning Organizing Directing Controlling

Planning
Manager Planning Budgeting Sets targets Establishes detailed steps Allocates resources Leader Devises strategy Sets direction Creates vision

Organizing
Manager Creates structure Job descriptions Staffing Hierarchy Delegates Training Leader Gets people on board for strategy Communication Networks

Directing Work
Manager Solves problems Negotiates Brings to consensus

Leader Empowers people Cheerleader

Controlling
Manager Implements control systems Performance measures Identifies variances Fixes variances Leader Motivate Inspire Gives sense of accomplishment

Autocratic

Styles of Leadership

Democratic

Free rein

B
leader

Autocratic
E

C
D

A
F

B
leader

Democratic
E

C D

LAISSEZ Fair Style


C

LEADER
G E

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