Thai-German Institute Hydraulic Pump Types

Thai-German Institute
Hydraulic Pump
HYDRAULIC PUMP
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Hydraulic Pump
Type of pumps
Non-positive displacement pump
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Hydraulic Pump
Centrifugal Pump
Outlet
Non-positive displacement pumps used the centrifugal force applied to the fluid being pumped.
Inlet
Non-positive displacement pumps find more use in lower pressure system.

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Hydraulic Pump
Increasing resistance to flow at the outlet will cause the flow output to decrease without damage to the pump.
It dose not acceptable in most power hydraulic system.
This may be desirable characteristic in the some application.

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Hydraulic Pump
Type of pumps
Non-positive displacement pump
Positive Displacement Pump
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Hydraulic Pump
1. As the handle is moved to the left, a partial vacuum exists since an increasing volume is being created.
2. This vacuum creates unbalance pressure condition
3. so that atmospheric pressure can push the oil into the pumping cylinder.
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Hydraulic Pump
1. Movement of handle to the right, the fluid is forced through the upper check valve to the discharge.
Output of the pump is positive displacement because it is not significantly affected by the resistance to flow.
The resistance to flow will determine the discharge pressure.
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Hydraulic Pump
1. A pump is one of the most important component in any hydraulic system.
2. It supplies the flow of hydraulic fluid to the system.
3. If there is no resistance, then there is no pressure.
4. The pump converts mechanical power into the hydraulic power of fluid flow.
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Hydraulic Pump
Positive Displacement Hydraulic Pumps
Fixed Displacement
Variable Displacement
Gear
Vane
Piston
Vane
Piston
External
Internal
Radial piston
Axial Piston
Bent Axis
Radial piston
Axial Piston
Bent Axis
Crescent seal
Gerotor Seal
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Hydraulic Pump
External Gear Pump
The pumping chamber is form by the gear, pump housing, and side plate.
The fluid is expelled from the Space between the teeth as the gears remesh.
As the gear teeth unmesh a partial vacuum created allowing fluid into space between the teeth.
Gear tip come in close proximity to the pump housing effectively sealing.
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Hydraulic Pump
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Hydraulic Pump
Internal Gear Pump and the meshed gear teeth.
Volume on this side increased as the gear teeth unmesh.
Volume on this side decreased as the gear teeth mesh.
Sealing of high pressure chamber from the pump inlet is achieved by the close proximity of the crescent to the gear.
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Hydraulic Pump
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Hydraulic Pump
Gerotor Pump
The inner Gerotor always has one less tooth than the outer element.
Volume on this side decreased as the gear teeth mesh.
Clearance seal between inlet and outlet. Volume on this side increased as the gear teeth unmesh.
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Hydraulic Pump
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Hydraulic Pump
Unbalance Vane Pump
The spinning of the rotor causes a centrifugal force which pushes the vanes out the rotor slots.
and discharge as space decreases.
Fluid enters as space between ring and rotor increasees..

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Cam ring is eccentric from the rotor and shaft centerline.

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Hydraulic Pump
Since centrifugal force is usually insufficient to overcome high pressure at the outer tip of the vane on the outlet side..
This cause the pressure under the vane to be equal to the pressure on the top.
Pressurized oil is also supplied under the vanes.
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Hydraulic Pump
Balance Vane Pump
This design has opposing sets of inlet and outlet ports.
This prevents side loading of the pump shaft and bearings.
The high forces generated at the outlet ports cancel each other out.
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Hydraulic Pump
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Hydraulic Pump
Maximum flow rate
The variable vane pump is an unbalance design,..
and creates the changing displacement by moving the cam ring.

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Hydraulic Pump
Then pump displacement is decreased.
the differential volume between inlet and outlet is reduce.
By moving the cam to the left,
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Hydraulic Pump
There is no flow rate.
When the eccentric between the cam ring and rotor is zero.
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Hydraulic Pump
Axial Piston Pump
In this design, the piston and cylinder barrel are parallel to the drive shaft.
And pushing oil from cylinder barrel to the outlet as the pistons are push back into their bores.
When the cylinder block rotated, pulling oil from the tank as the piston are retracting.
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The piston reciprocate in their cylinder bore, causing a pumping action.
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Hydraulic Pump
Axial Piston Pump
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Hydraulic Pump
Variable Axial Piston Pump
Maximum stroke
Maximum Flow
When changes the angle of the swash plate, which changes the stroke of the piston in and out of their bores.
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Hydraulic Pump
Decreased in stroke of the piston..
Reduced Flow
Displacement of the pump decreases with a decreases in the swash plate angle.
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Hydraulic Pump
So that there is no flow at the outlet port of the pump.
Zero Flow
When the angle of the swash plate is zero then there is no reciprocating motion of the piston.
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Hydraulic Pump
Reversed Flow
When the angle of the swash plate changed to opposite direction, the outlet flow will reversed in another direction.
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Hydraulic Pump
Bent-Axis Piston Pump
The reciprocating motion of the pistons in the cylinder block is cause by an angle in the connection from the shaft to the cylinder block.
And pushing oil from cylinder barrel to the outlet as the pistons are push back into their bores.
When the cylinder block rotated, pulling oil from the tank as the piston are retracting.
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Hydraulic Pump
1. As the angle between the cylinder block and drive shaft changes,
2. The piston travel in their respective bores changes,
3. Increasing or decreasing the pump displacement change.

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Hydraulic Pump
1. The displacement angle is controlled by the displacement control valve mounted on the rear of the pump.
2. If the displacement angle decreased, the flow rate at the outlet port decreased too.
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Hydraulic Pump
The piston moved in by some form of mechanical action and moved out by centrifugal force in the cylinder block .
Porting in the control journal permits the piston to take in fluid from the inlet as they move outward
And allows the fluid to be discharge as the pistons are forced inward.
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Hydraulic Pump
1. In this picture show typical radial piston pump that has been modified for variable displacement.
4. and change piston stroke which changes displacement.
Displacement control piston
2. It work on the same principle as the variable vane pump

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3. in that the outer cam is moved left or right by the displacement control to change eccentricity with the cylinder block
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Hydraulic Pump
2. to the discharge side in one revolution of the pump shaft.
Displacement is usually expressed in
in3/rev or cc/rev
1. Displacement is a theoretical volume of oil that is transfer from inlet side.
DISPLACEMENT
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Hydraulic Pump
Pressure rating is the maximum pressure that should be encountered at the pump discharge port.
This rating is specified by the manufacturer base upon reasonable service life expectancy.
Pressure Rating
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Hydraulic Pump
2. It should deliver 20 in3 of oil for each revolution of its input shaft.
1. If the size of this pump is 20 in3/rev.
4. This leakage fluid flows back to the suction side or the housing of the pump
3. In reality the actual pump output flow rate is reduce in form of leakage as pressure increases across the clearance fits of the pump.
Volumetric Efficiency
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Hydraulic Pump
2. But the actual flow rate at the outlet port of this pump is 98 gallons per minute. 98 GPM x100 = 90.74% 108 GPM
Actual Flow x100 = Volumetric Efficiency Theoretical Flow
1.If the theoretical flow of the 20 in3/rev pump is 108 gallons per minute at 1250 rpm.
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Volumetric Efficiency
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Hydraulic Pump
Case drain port
Leakage in hydraulic pump

1. Leakage between cylinder block and valve plate
3. Leakage between sliding shoe and swash plate
2. Leakage between cylinder block and piston

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Hydraulic Pump
3. The leakage oil back to tank through a separate drain line.
1. In the piston pump pressurized oil which leaks past the clearance fits of the piston,..
2. running clearance between valve plate and cylinder barrel, collect in the case of the pump.
Case Drain Connection

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Hydraulic Pump
1. In general, the leakage oil provides a second function in that it lubricates bearing and other moving parts in the pump. 2.For this reason it is imperative that the housing be filled with oil prior to start the pump,..
3. And the drain port be oriented upward to assure a permanently oil filled housing.
Remember: Case drain pressure should not higher than 5 to 15 psig.
4. The excessive pressure in the case drain line, cause the oil seal to damaged.
Case Drain Connection

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Thai-German Institute Hydraulic Pump Types

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Thai-German Institute

Non-positive displacement pump

Non-positive displacement pumps find more use in lower pressure system.

It dose not acceptable in most power hydraulic system.

This may be desirable characteristic in the some application.

Non-positive displacement pump

Positive Displacement Pump

2. This vacuum creates unbalance pressure condition

The resistance to flow will determine the discharge pressure.

1. A pump is one of the most important component in any hydraulic system.

2. It supplies the flow of hydraulic fluid to the system.

3. If there is no resistance, then there is no pressure.

Volume on this side increased as the gear teeth unmesh.

Volume on this side decreased as the gear teeth mesh.

Volume on this side decreased as the gear teeth mesh.

and discharge as space decreases.

Fluid enters as space between ring and rotor increasees..

Cam ring is eccentric from the rotor and shaft centerline.

Pressurized oil is also supplied under the vanes.

This design has opposing sets of inlet and outlet ports.

This prevents side loading of the pump shaft and bearings.

The variable vane pump is an unbalance design,..

and creates the changing displacement by moving the cam ring.

By moving the cam to the left,

There is no flow rate.

The piston reciprocate in their cylinder bore, causing a pumping action.

Decreased in stroke of the piston..

So that there is no flow at the outlet port of the pump.

2. The piston travel in their respective bores changes,

3. Increasing or decreasing the pump displacement change.

4. and change piston stroke which changes displacement.

Displacement control piston

2. It work on the same principle as the variable vane pump

Displacement is usually expressed in

1. Displacement is a theoretical volume of oil that is transfer from inlet side.

1. If the size of this pump is 20 in3/rev.

Actual Flow x100 = Volumetric Efficiency Theoretical Flow

Leakage in hydraulic pump

3. Leakage between sliding shoe and swash plate

2. Leakage between cylinder block and piston

Case Drain Connection

Remember: Case drain pressure should not higher than 5 to 15 psig.

Case Drain Connection

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