Microsoft SQL Server Administration for SAP SQL Server Architecture

Overview

SQL Server Architecture SQL Server with SAP Performance Monitoring and Tuning Administration and Troubleshooting Database Backup and Restore

Database Server

Results

Transact-SQL
Application Client SQL Server Relational Database Management System

SQL Server Service

Client / Server
Client
Application Database Interface Network Library

Server
SQL Server Open Data Services Network Library

Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

SQL Server Client Network Utility

SQL Server Network Utility

SQL Server Client Tools

SQL Enterprise Manager SQL Query Analyzer Service Manager Server & Client Network Utility Performance Monitor SQL Profiler Index Tuning Wizard Data Transformation Services
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Configuring SQL Enterprise Manager

Threads and Fibers

SQL Server process maintains pool of threads to process client requests SQL Server can also be configured to use lightweight pooling(fibers) max worker threads

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Databases
System Databases
master

model

tempdb

msdb

distribution

pubs

northwind

VIE

User Databases

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Database Files
Database

Data (file)
.mdf or .ndf

Log (file)
.ldf

Tables, Indexes
Data Page (8 KB) Max row size = 8092 bytes

Extent (8 contiguous 8-KB pages)

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Data Files

Filegroups Data & log files autogrow Proportional fill Pages and Extents

GAM SGAM PFS IAM

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In row text

Storage Engine

Data Cache & Proc cache

Cache hit ratio / free buffers

Transaction log Lazy Writer Lock Manager Log Writer Checkpoint / log truncation Background task
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Hardware Configuration

Balance and push the bottleneck to expensive component CPU and L2 cache Memory

Hard and Soft Paging

Support of SAN Network Interfaces cLan from GigaNet Servernet II from Compaq 20% perf gain

System Area Networks

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I/O components - Disks

How fast is a disk?

Depends on the type of I/O workload

SQL Server reads 8K random (page reads)

Singleton (or few) select/update/insert Lazy writer Checkpoint processing

SQL Server reads 64K sequential (extent reads)

Table and index scans Backup, index creation, DBCC, etc

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I/O components - Disks

Sequential I/O Random I/O

Max throughput ~10 MB/sec Max sequential transfers/sec ~150 Max random transfers/sec ~100 OLTP constrained by transfers/sec DSS constrained by MB/sec I/O sec 8K 64K Realistic transfer rates:
150 100 1.2 MB/sec 0.8 MB /sec 9.4 MB/sec 6.3 MB/sec

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Hardware Configuration

Disk

Raid 0, 10, 5 Pagefile, tempdb, log and data files location h/w bandwidth limitations Disk queue length Write caching controllers Latch wait time

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Row Identifiers
Base table organizations

Fixed Row Identifier (RID)

Fixed RID

Rows identified by RID (8 bytes consisting of File#, Page#, Slot#) RIDs do not change unless a row is deleted and reinserted elsewhere RIDs can be reused once the transaction that deletes a row commits RIDs used as lock resource

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Row Identifiers
Base table organizations

Clustered index

Clustered index

Rows identified by unique clustering key Clustering key used as lock resource

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Secondary Indexes
Secondary index

Secondary indices

Key

Locator

Points to either

Index terms consist of key, locator pairs Locators are stable with respect to base table organization (unlike 6.X) Locator may be either RID (Fixed RID) or clustering key (clustered index) Unique key/locator pair used as lock resource
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Secondary index lookup on key Adams

Adams

Index Changes

6
Adams

Lewis

Smith

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Lewis Dan

... 6

Adams Kim

... 11

Smith Ken

Clustering index data Key Locator (clustering Key)

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Index on Views

Create View with SCHEMABINDING Create Unique Clustered Index on View All Nonclustered Indexes are dropped if Clustered Index is dropped Indexed Views are maintained automatically SET Options EXPAND VIEWS and NOEXPAND
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Referring to SQL Server Objects

Fully Qualified Names Partially Specified Names

Server defaults to local server

Database defaults to current database

Owner defaults to the user name in the database

pubs.dbo.authors
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System Tables

Store Information (Metadata) About the System and Database Objects Database Catalog Stores Metadata About a Specific Database System Catalog Stores Metadata About the Entire System and All Other Databases

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Metadata Retrieval

System Stored Procedures

sp_help authors

System Functions

select getdate()

Information Schema Views

select * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

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Common System Procedures and System Tables

System stored procedures

sp_help, sp_helpindex sp_helpdb, sp_helpfile/filegroup sp_who, sp_lock sp_depends, sp_recompile sp_readerrorlog

System tables

sysobjects, sysindexes, sysprocesses

Object_name/id, index_col

System functions

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Login Authentication, Database User Accounts

Windows NT Group User Windows NT Verifies Password

SQL Server Assigns Logins to User Accounts and Roles

Windows NT Database User Account

SQL SQL Server

SQL Server Login Account

SQL Server Verifies Password

Database Role
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Server Properties

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Server Properties

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Database Properties

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Installing SQL Server

Installation Path Character Set and Sort Order Collations Network Support SQL Server Service Account Licensing Mode Instance Name

SQL Server 2000 only

Only Clients needs to be installed on Application Server

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Lab work

Install SQL Server Start and Stop SQL Server Service Register your server with SQL Enterprise Manager Search a Topic in Books Online

Online help for Create Table

Create a Table with Clustered Index Check at the Server and Database Properties
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Summary

Write a summary for this module

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